激光选区熔化成形金属件的缺陷类型及表征方法概述  

Review of the Categories and Characterization Methods of Defects in Alloy Prepared by Selective Laser Melting

作　　者：彭乐 郑志军[1] PENG Le;ZHENG Zhijun(School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院,广州510640

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第8期90-96,共7页Materials Reports

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金(2021A1515010398)。

摘　　要：激光选区熔化成形是一种典型的金属增材制造技术。本文首先对激光选区熔化成形的技术原理进行阐述,然后针对该技术的工艺参数及工艺参数对打印件质量的影响进行分析和总结,重点对金属打印件中可能出现的缺陷进行分类和成因分析。在激光选区成形技术制备的金属件中主要包括两类缺陷,一类是组织缺陷,包括气孔、孔隙、未熔合缺陷、裂纹、高密度夹杂及组织的各向异性等;另一类为包括球化、残余应力、翘曲变形、几何误差等在内的非组织缺陷。最后就组织缺陷的无损检测技术的种类和应用范围进行归纳总结,并对未来缺陷检测技术的发展进行展望。Selective laser melting(SLM)is a typical additive manufacturing technology.In this paper,the fundamental principle of the SLM technology is explained first.Subsequently,the categories of the processing parameters of SLM and their effects on the quality of printed specimens are analyzed and summarized,focusing on the categories of defects probably produced during the printing process.The cause of formation of each defect is discussed and explained.In metal specimens prepared by SLM,two types of detects,namely,microstructural and non-microstructural defects,are usually observed.The former includes pores,porosity,unfused defects,cracks,high density inclusions,and the anisotropy of the microstructure,whereas the latter includes spheroidization,residual stress,warping deformation,and geometric errors.Finally,the types and scope of application of nondestructive testing(NDT)technologies for microstructural defects are summarized,and the prospects for the development of NDT are presented.

关 键 词：增材制造 选区激光熔化 缺陷 无损检测 

分 类 号：TG665[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]