多元材料微纳米精度复杂分布技术的新进展  

Latest Progress of Distribution Technologies of Multi-materials with Micro/Nano Precision and Complex Patterns

作　　者：陈航[1] 张凤强 李通[1] 任宣羽 葛传洋 李仁政 张甲[1] 王振龙[1] CHEN Hang;ZHANG Fengqiang;LI Tong;REN Xuanyu;GE Chuanyang;LI Renzheng;ZHANG Jia;WANG Zhenlong(Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructure Manufacturing,Ministry of Education,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen),Shenzhen 518055,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学微系统与微结构制造教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨150001 [2]哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)机电工程与自动化学院,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第8期125-136,共12页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFB1310200);国家自然科学基金(52122513);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2020M670903)。

摘　　要：多元材料分布技术可制备出特殊功能的材料、结构及器件,如功能梯度材料等,在航空航天、国防军事、工业生产中有着广泛的应用。随着构件的集成度提高、功能多样化、质量轻量化等,器件尺寸逐渐减小,材料组分逐渐增多,分布精度不断提高,因此器件对多元材料分布技术提出新的更高要求。当前,功能梯度材料通常仅由几种材料非连续过渡形成,各种材料分布的精度在几十微米至毫米量级以上。如何在宏观尺度上快速实现多元材料微纳米精度复杂分布,特别是在水平面内的横向梯度分布,一直是制造领域研究的重点和难点。近年来,高精度3D打印技术、自组装技术、化学气相沉积技术以及本课题组所提出的多元材料纳米级精度复杂分布技术等在实现多元材料分布方面展现出各自的特点。本文综述了上述四类技术在多元材料分布方面的基本原理、典型成果以及最新研究进展,从分布材料种类、分布精度、分布复杂性、分布尺寸等方面进行了简要的探讨与总结,指出了当前多元材料分布技术面临的问题与挑战,最后对多元材料纳米级精度复杂分布技术进行了展望。The distribution technologies for multi-materials are used to prepare materials,structures and devices with special functions,such as functional gradient materials(FGM).The products are widely used in fields of aerospace,national defense,military affairs,and industrial production.With the improvement of component integration,function diversification,quality lightweight,and other trends,new and higher requirements for distribution technologies are emerging due to the decrease in component size,increase in material types,and improvement in distribution accuracy.Currently,the FGMs are usually formed only by materials with non-continuous transitions.The distribution accuracy is over tens of microns to millimeters.Therefore,in the manufacturing field,it is highly challenging to distribute the multi-materials on the macroscale with micro/nano accuracy and quick process,especially the horizontal gradient distribution in the plane.In recent years,some technologies,such as high-precision 3D printing,self-assembly,chemical vapor deposition,and the multi-materials distribution technology with nanoscale precision and the complex pattern proposed in our previous work showed their characteristics in the realization of multi-materials distribution.Herein,the mentioned four kinds of distribution technologies are reviewed.The basic principles,typical achievements and the latest research progress are briefly discussed.Furthermore,the distributed materials type,accuracy,complexity,and size of components are summarized.Finally,the problems and challenges of the current distribution technologies are pointed out,and the proposed complex distribution technology of multi-materials perspectives is discussed.

关 键 词：多元材料 复杂分布 微纳米精度 分布技术 

分 类 号：TG669[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]