行政区划调整赋能民营企业创新发展的机制研究——基于“撤县设区”的经验分析  

Study on the Mechanism of Administrative District Adjustment to Empower Private Enterprises’Innovation and Development:an Empirical Analysis Based on the“Removing Counties and Establishing Districts”

作　　者：徐光伟 孙露[1] 刘星 XU Guang-wei;SUN Lu;LIU Xing(Business School,Changzhou University,Changzhou 213164,Jiangsu,China;Postdoctoral Station of Business Administration,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433,China;School of Economics and Business Administration,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030,China)

机构地区：[1]常州大学商学院,江苏常州213164 [2]上海财经大学工商管理博士后流动站,上海200433 [3]重庆大学经济与工商管理学院,重庆400030

出　　处：《西部论坛》2023年第1期108-124,共17页West Forum

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(72103026);江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目(KYCX21_2775);江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究项目(21KJB630009)。

摘　　要：行政壁垒导致的市场分割是制约民营企业创新发展的主要因素之一,行政区划调整须促进地区间的市场一体化才能有效赋能民营企业创新发展。“撤县设区”弱化了被撤并县域与市辖区之间的行政壁垒和市场分割,可以促进被撤并县域民营企业的人力资本水平提升和外部融资增加,并通过产业集聚的竞争加剧效应和创新成本降低效应激励民营企业的技术创新行为,进而促进民营企业创新发展。采用2011—2020年沪深A股民营上市公司数据的分析发现:“撤县设区”显著促进了被撤并县域民营企业研发强度和专利授权数的增长,其中存在“撤县设区—提升企业人力资本—创新投入和产出增加”“撤县设区—缓解企业融资约束—创新投入和产出增加”“撤县设区—促进地区产业集聚—创新投入和产出增加”3条影响路径;“撤县设区”的民营企业创新促进效应主要体现在外部融资依赖程度较高的企业和东部地区的企业中,“撤县设区”促进了二三产业的民营企业创新,但对第一产业的民营企业创新具有负向影响;“撤县设区”并未对周边未撤并县域产生显著的“虹吸效应”。因此,行政区划调整应将构建统一大市场作为重点工作,营造更为开放公平共享的市场环境,并减少地方政府对市场的过度干预。As a typical policy for the adjustment of administrative districts at the county level,the development dividend released by“removing counties and establishing districts”has become increasingly prominent.However,in the research on the policy effect of“removing counties and establishing districts”,the existing literature rarely discusses its influence on the innovation of private enterprises,especially the lack of empirical evidence.This paper holds that the market segmentation caused by administrative barriers is one of the main factors restricting the innovation and development of private enterprises,and the adjustment of administrative districts must promote the market integration between regions in order to effectively empower the innovation and development of private enterprises.The administrative barriers and market segmentation between the annexed counties and the municipal districts are weakened by“removing counties and establishing districts”,which can enhance the technological innovation capability of private enterprises in the annexed counties through promoting the improvement of human capital and increasing external financing.The innovation willingness of private enterprises in the removed counties can be enhanced through the competitive intensification effect of industrial agglomeration and the innovation cost reduction effect,which in turn promotes the innovation development of private enterprises.Based on the quasi-natural experiment of“removing counties and establishing districts”,this paper uses the data of private listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares from 2011 to 2020 to carry out multi-stage double differential test.The results show that“removing counties and establishing districts”has significantly promoted the increase of R&D intensity and patent authorization number of private enterprises in the removed counties,among which the level of human capital,external financing and regional industrial agglomeration have played a part in the intermediary effect.That is

关 键 词：行政区划调整 撤县设区 民营企业创新 产业集聚 融资约束 人力资本 市场一体化 

分 类 号：F207[经济管理—国民经济] F276.5