世界甜樱桃砧木品种评价及其应用展望  

The evaluation of sweet cherry rootstocks and their application prospects in the world

作　　者：刘庆忠[1] 朱东姿 王甲威[1] 张力思[1] 洪坡 公庆党 LIU Qingzhong;ZHU Dongzi;WANG Jiawei;ZHANG Lisi;HONG Po;GONG Qingdang(Shandong Institute of Pomology/Shandong Key Laboratory of Fruit Biotechnology Breeding/Huanghuai Fruit Tree Scientific Observation Experimental Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tai’an,Shandong 271000,China;Shandong Forestry Protection and Development Service Center,Jinan,Shandong 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所/山东省果树生物技术育种重点实验室/农业农村部黄淮地区果树科学观测实验站,山东泰安271000 [2]山东省林业保护和发展服务中心,山东济南250014

出　　处：《落叶果树》2023年第2期1-7,共7页Deciduous Fruits

基　　金：山东省果品产业技术体系(SDAIT-06-01);山东省农业良种工程项目(2020LZGC008);山东省乡村振兴提振项目(2022TZXD006)。

摘　　要：世界甜樱桃砧木包括乔化、半乔化、半矮化、全矮化类型。这些砧木在不同程度上具有抗流胶病、抗病毒病、抗根癌病、抗重茬病、耐粘重土壤、耐涝、耐高温、抗寒、抗旱、耐瘠薄、抗缺铁失绿的优良特性。与乔化砧木相比,全矮化、半矮化、半乔化砧木嫁接的树体矮化紧凑、管理容易、早实丰产,可以用于高密度、超高密度和徒步果园。采用现代矮砧密植宽行种植的果园管理简单、便于设施栽培、提高劳动效率、省工省力、早期获益较高。笔者介绍了甜樱桃砧木的类型、主要农艺性状及主要的砧木品种,并提出建园的具体措施。The types of sweet cherry rootstocks in the world included full-size vigorous rootstocks,semi-vigorous rootstocks,semi-dwarfing,and full-dwarfing.To varying degrees,these rootstocks had many excellent characteristics including resistant to gummosis,viral disease,Crown Gall,continuous cropping disease,sticky heavy soil,waterlogging,high temperature,cold,drought,barren,iron deficiency chlorosis.Compared to full-size vigorous rootstocks,The trees grafted with semi-vigorous rootstocks,semi-dwarfing rootstocks and full-dwarfing rootstocks were compact in dwarfing,easy management,early harvest and high yield.They could be used for high-density,ultra-high density and pedestrian orchard.The planting mode which adopted new dwarfing rootstocks with dense and wide rows made the trees dwarfing and compact,easy to manage,and can obtain benefits early,facilitate the implementation of facility cultivation,improve labor efficiency,and save labor.The author introduced the types,main agronomic traits,and main rootstock varieties of sweet cherry,and proposed specific measures for garden construction.

关 键 词：甜樱桃 矮化砧木 早实 丰产 砧木新品种 抗性 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]