马克思“支配自然”的思想与生态环境问题关系之辨  

On the Relationship between Marx′s Thought of"Dominating Nature"and Ecological and Environmental Problems

作　　者：王伟[1] WANG Wei(Institute of Philosophy,Hebei Academy of Social Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050051,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省社会科学院哲学研究所,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《山西高等学校社会科学学报》2023年第4期44-49,共6页Social Sciences Journal of Universities in Shanxi

基　　金：河北省社会科学基金项目“马克思自然观及其当代价值研究”(HB21ZX004)。

摘　　要：大多数环境主义者以“支配自然”为口实,指责马克思过分强调人对自然有意识的改造,忽视了自然的极限和自然资源的稀缺性,从而把马克思视为生态环境保护的对立面。这是对马克思“支配自然”的思想不加分析的结果。由于“支配自然”的目的和方式的异质性,马克思关于“支配自然”的看法也有着鲜明的不同。对于以“支配自然”为前提资本主义生产,马克思坚决批判其逐利逻辑以及由此导致的生态环境问题;对于未来社会仍然存在的“支配自然”的事实,马克思在予以积极肯定的同时,还从其支配方式和支配目的中思考人与自然矛盾的解决。质言之,在马克思那里,的确存在“支配自然”的思想,但这种思想却不必然导致生态环境问题。Most environmentalists use the pretext of"dominating nature"to accuse Marx of overemphasizing man′s conscious transformation of nature and ignoring the limits of nature and the scarcity of natural resources,thus viewing Marx as the opposite of ecological environment protection.This is the result of not analyzing Marx′s thought of"dominating nature".Due to the heterogeneity of the purpose and methods of"dominating nature",Marx′s views on"dominating nature"also have distinct differences.He firmly criticized capitalist production based on the premise of"dominating nature"for its profit seeking logic and the resulting ecological and environmental problems;while actively affirming the fact of"dominating nature"that will exist in the future society,Marx also considered the resolution of the contradiction between humans and nature from its mode and purpose of domination.In short,in Marx′s view,there was indeed the thought of′dominating nature′,but this thought did not necessarily lead to ecological and environmental problems.

关 键 词：马克思 “支配自然” 社会形态 生态环境问题 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]