氮肥运筹对湘南双季杂交稻生长发育与稻米品质的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Management on Yield Formation and Rice Quality of Double Cropping Hybrid Rice in Southern Hunan

作　　者：袁帅 苏雨婷 陈平平 易镇邪 Yuan Shuai;Su Yuting;Chen Pingping;Yi Zhenxie(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology,Ministry of Education,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院/作物生理与分子生物学教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《作物杂志》2023年第2期91-99,共9页Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“粮食丰产增效科技创新”重点专项(2017YFD0301501,2018YFD0301005)。

摘　　要：为明确湘南双季杂交稻适宜的氮肥运筹方式,以早稻品种陆两优996和株两优819、晚稻品种H优518和盛泰优018为材料,比较研究3种分蘖肥、穗肥、粒肥比例(7:2:1,N1;6:3:1,N2;5:4:1,N3)对双季杂交稻产量形成与稻米品质的影响。结果表明,氮肥运筹对双季稻产量及其构成因素有显著影响,早、晚稻实际产量均以N2处理最高,且显著高于N1处理,其增产的原因主要是有效穗数与穗粒数较高。与N1和N3处理相比,N2处理茎蘖数居中,但成穗率最高,且孕穗之后的叶面积指数、叶片叶绿素含量与干物质积累量最高。各品种糙米率、精米率和整精米率均以N2处理最高;N3处理直链淀粉含量显著低于N1处理,但与N2处理无显著差异;胶稠度随穗肥比例增加呈下降趋势;各品种垩白粒率和垩白度均以N2处理最低,处理间粒长、粒宽和长宽比均无显著差异。从稻米RVA谱特征参数来看,N1处理稻米食味品质最好,略优于N2处理,N3处理米质最差。综合考虑产量与稻米品质,N2处理(分蘖肥:穗肥:粒肥=6:3:1)是湘南双季杂交稻较理想的氮肥运筹方式。To explore the optimal nitrogen management way for double cropping hybrid rice in southern Hunan,the effects of three kinds of proportion of base fertilizer,panicle fertilizer and grain fertilizer(7:2:1,N1;6:3:1,N2;5:4:1,N3)on yield formation and rice quality of double cropping rice early rice varieties,Luliangyou 996 and Zhuliangyou 819,and late rice varieties,H You 518 and Shengtaiyou 018 as materials.The results showed that,nitrogen management had a significant effect on yield and its components of double cropping rice.The yield of early and late rice was the highest in N2 treatment,which was significantly higher than that of N1 treatment.The yield increase was mainly due to the higher effective panicle number and grain number per panicle.Compared with N1 and N3 treatments,N2 treatment showed the medium tillers,the highest heading rate,and the highest leaf area index,leaves chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation after booting stage.The brown rice rate,milled rice rate and whole milled rice rate of all varieties were the highest in N2 treatment.The amylose content in N3 treatment was significantly lower than that in N1 treatment,but there was no significant difference with N2 treatment.The gel consistency decreased with the increase of panicle fertilizer ratio.The chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree of all varieties were the lowest in N2 treatment,and there were no significant differences in grain length,grain width and length-width ratio among treatments.From the RVA spectrum characteristic parameters of rice,the eating quality of N1 treatment was the best,slightly better than that of N2 treatment,and the quality of N3 treatment was the worst.Considering the yield and rice quality,N2 treatment(basal tiller fertilizer:panicle fertilizer:grain fertilizer=6:3:1)was an ideal nitrogen management method for double cropping hybrid rice in southern Hunan.

关 键 词：双季杂交稻 湘南 氮肥运筹 产量形成 米质 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学]