敌草快在向日葵播前及播后苗前封闭处理的安全性及除草效果  

Safety and Weeding Effect of Sealing Treatment of Diquat before and after Seeding of Helianthus

作　　者：刘晓宏[1] 刘可杰[2] 依兵[1] 赵明珠 王德兴[1] 刘金刚[1] LIU Xiaohong;LIU Kejie;YI Bing;ZHAO Mingzhu;WANG Dexing;LIU Jingang(Institute of Crop Research,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院作物研究所,沈阳110161 [2]辽宁省农业科学院植物保护研究所,沈阳110161

出　　处：《农业科技与装备》2023年第1期28-30,33,共4页Agricultural Science & Technology and Equipment

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-14);乡村振兴科技服务产业提升项目;乡村振兴科技引领现代产业发展项目。

摘　　要：开展敌草快与常规土壤封闭除草剂精异丙甲草胺田间桶混喷施对向日葵播前及播后苗前杂草封闭处理防除研究。结果表明:在向日葵播前及播后苗前适期(播后3 d内)应用38%二甲·敌草快水剂200 mL/667 m^(2)制剂量进行喷雾封闭处理,对出苗及幼苗正常生长均无药害发生;其单剂播前喷雾施用或与常规土壤封闭除草剂960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油115 mL/667 m^(2)制剂量田间桶混播后苗前封闭施用,可有效防除田间各类杂草,速效性好,施药1周后目测防效可达97.5%以上,2周后可基本杀灭杂草,同时,对上茬作物落生苗和禾本科杂草效果理想,对恶性阔叶杂草有特效,施药40 d其综合株防效均达90%以上,综合鲜重防效则达93%以上。建议将灭生性除草剂敌草快播前及播后苗前与常规土壤封闭除草剂精异丙甲草胺进行田间组合喷雾封闭处理,作为向日葵杂草封闭防除的储备配套技术。This study was carried out to study the control of Helianthus weeds before and after seeding by field bucket mixed application of diquat mixed with the conventional soil-closed herbicide spermatachlor.Results show that:The Helianthus pre-suitable period before and after planting seedlings(within 3 d after seeding),38%Dimethyl-dimethyl fast water agent 200 mL/667 m^(2)was used for spray sealing treatment,on the emergence and seedling were no phytotoxicity of normal growth.It was seal spray applied with single agent before seeding by field bucket mixed application with conventional soil-closed herbicide 960 g/L spermatotolachlor emulsion 115 mL/667 m^(2),which can effectively control all kinds of weeds in the field and has good efficacy.After 1 week of application,the visual control effect can reach more than 97.5%.After 2 weeks of application,it can basically kill weeds.The effect was ideal for falling seedlings and gramineous weeds of the previous crop,and had special effect on malignant broad-leaved weeds.The comprehensive plant control effect was more than 90%after 40 d application,and the comprehensive fresh weight control effect was more than 93%.It is suggested that the insecticidal herbicide diquat should be combined with the conventional soil-closed herbicide spermatachlor in the field before and after fast seeding as a reserve technology for Helianthus weed control.

关 键 词：向日葵 化学除草 封闭处理 防除 

分 类 号：S45[农业科学—植物保护] S48