移动与固定——蒙古族藏传佛教库伦寺院的演化与发展探析  

Nomadic and Settled:A Study of the Development and Evolution of Mongolian Khüree Monasteries in Tibetan Buddhism

作　　者：陈未 CHEN Wei

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院,北京100044

出　　处：《新建筑》2023年第2期74-79,共6页New Architecture

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目青年基金项目(21Y J C850001);北京市教育委员会科学研究计划项目(KM202210016013)。

摘　　要：库伦为亚洲内陆游牧民族的聚落形态,最早是游牧部落的军事营帐,17世纪后期被引入格鲁派的移动寺院中,并广泛使用于青藏高原北部和蒙古高原上的藏传佛教寺院。在全面介绍库伦寺院形成、演化与发展的基础上,以哲布尊丹巴的大库伦为例,阐述了蒙古族特有的库伦寺院的形成背景,论述了其政教合一的特性,以及布局形态;同时比较大库伦与扎雅葛根库伦、喇嘛葛根库伦,以及其他稍小规模库伦在布局形态上的异同,揭示了生产资料及生产方式决定着蒙古族寺院存在移动与固定二元要素的有机结合。Khüree was a nomadic settlement form in Inner Asia.It was initially a nomadic military encampment,and later introduced into the Tibetan Buddhist Gelug monastery in the late 17th century in Mongolia and north Tibet.This paper tries to outline the formation of the Khüree monasteries through the Yeke Khüree,a representative and the most prominent nomadic monastery established by the first Jebtsundamba Khutuktu Zanabazar.It reveals the formation of the Khüree monastery and the process of forming a theocracy government within the form.The Khüree monasteries keep the three concentric rings of encampments,which are the central Buddhist temples region,the Amiags,and the tents of the Lamas and Shabis.Finally,this paper reveals the monastery patterns of Mongols are determined and balanced by no madic and settled living styles.

关 键 词：蒙古藏传佛教 寺院建筑 库伦 移动与固定 乌兰巴托 

分 类 号：TU252[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]