认知与主宰:以庄子“真知之路”摹状“人类增强”的应然倾向  

Cognition and Domination:The Ought Tendency of Describing“Human Enhancement”with Zhuangzi’s“Road of True Knowledge”

作　　者：易显飞 王克宁 YI Xianfei;WANG Kening

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学道德文化研究中心 [2]湖南省科技哲学与科技伦理治理创新研究中心长沙理工大学基地

出　　处：《哲学分析》2023年第2期142-158,199,共18页Philosophical Analysis

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“当代新兴增强技术前沿的人文主义哲学研究”(项目编号:20&ZD044)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：技术领域的“人类增强”在产生具体效用之前,已经形成了相对统一的应然倾向,这种倾向因超越具体技术效用而难以直接把握,但可以通过近似的理论进路对其应然倾向进行摹状。《庄子》内七篇中对“真知之路”的论述与人类增强的应然倾向较为契合:在“可不可之知”层面,人类增强遭受自身普遍性倾向的裹挟,呈现出盲目性、单调性的倾向;进入“是非之知”层面后,这种倾向导致人与人类增强之间形成普遍的是非对待,使源于人类需求的人类增强成为异己的因素;在“不知之知”层面,通过悬置是非判断,呈露出人类增强应然倾向在面对根源之“知”时存在的不足。虽然无法彻底实现对根源之知的体认,但人类增强作为人类主动追求真知的人文尝试,其应然倾向对人类发展仍有正向价值。The“human enhancement”in the field of technology has formed a relatively unified ought tendency before it produces specific effects.This tendency is difficult to grasp directly because it transcends the specific technical effects,but its ought tendency can be described through an approximate theoretical approach.The discussion of“the road of true knowledge”in the internal seven chapters of Zhuangzi is consistent with the ought tendency of human enhancement:at the level of“knowledge of can and can’t”,human enhancement are constrained by their own universal tendencies,showing a tendency of blindness and monotony.After entering the level of“knowledge of right and wrong”,this tendency leads to a universal right and wrong treatment between people and human enhancement,which makes human enhancement from human needs become a dissimilar factor.At the level of“knowing without knowing”,by suspending the judgment of right and wrong,it reveals the shortcomings of human’s enhanced should be tendency when facing the root“knowing”.Although it is impossible to fully realize the realization of root knowledge,human enhancement,as a human attempt to actively pursue true knowledge,has positive value for human development.

关 键 词：人类增强 庄子 人文主义 

分 类 号：B80[哲学宗教—思维科学]