“三深”复杂环境下岩石钻进与机械化开挖技术发展与展望  

Development and prospect of drilling and mechanized excavation of rock under complex deep underground/sea/space conditions

作　　者：王少锋[1] 吴毓萌 周子龙[1] WANG Shaofeng;WU Yumeng;ZHOU Zilong(School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期819-836,共18页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52174099);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2021JJ30842)。

摘　　要：地下资源的大规模开采使得浅部资源逐渐减少,促使深地、深海、深空(“三深”)成为资源开采的新领地。本文阐述了“三深”复杂环境下岩石钻进和机械化开挖发展现状,并从高地应力、高地温、高渗透压、高水压、微重力、高真空等不同复杂环境参数分析岩石钻进及开挖过程的相关特征,分别提出几个具有代表性的挑战技术。针对深地、深海、深空的岩石钻进和开挖技术瓶颈以及面临的挑战,总结部分解决方案的同时对钻进和开挖技术领域的未来发展方向进行展望。研究结果表明:深空钻进和开挖技术还处于初步发展阶段,开挖技术目前还达不到深空资源开采的技术需求,但近年来以钻进为主的钻探作业得到了稳步发展,对于深空机械化开挖也提出了合理构思;钻进和开挖技术是“三深”资源开采技术的重要组成部分,为实现“三深”复杂环境下矿产资源的安全、高效、经济、绿色开发,岩石钻进和机械化开挖技术亟需向数字化、自动化、无人化、智能化方向发展。The large-scale exploitation of underground resources has gradually reduced the shallow resources,making deep underground,deep sea and deep space("three depths")become the new territory of resource exploitation.The development status of rock drilling and mechanical excavation in the complex environment of"three depths"were described,the related characteristics of rock drilling and excavation processes from the perspective of different complex environments such as high ground stress,high ground temperature,high permeation pressure,high water pressure,microgravity and high vacuum were analyzed,and several representative technical challenges were put forward.In view of the technical bottlenecks and challenges of drilling and excavation in deep ground,deep sea and deep space,some solutions were summarized,and the future development direction of drilling and excavation technology were prospected.The results show that deep space drilling and excavation technology is still in the preliminary development stage,and the excavation technology does not meet the technical requirements of deep space resources exploitation at present.However,drilling operations have developed steadily in recent years,and reasonable ideas for deep space mechanized excavation are also put forward.Drilling and excavation technologies are an important technical component of"three depths"resources mining.In order to realize the safe,efficient,economical and green development of mineral resources in the complex environment of"three depths",the technology of rock drilling and mechanized excavation needs to be developed in the direction of digitalization,automation,self-service and intelligence.

关 键 词：深地 深海 深空 岩石钻进 机械化开挖 

分 类 号：P967[天文地球—自然地理学]