高应力隧道爆破研究现状与展望  

Research status and prospects of blasting excavation of tunnel under high stress condition

作　　者：陈璐 周子龙[2] 高山 蔡鑫[2] 王少锋[2] 聂森林 曹洪涛 CHEN Lu;ZHOU Zilong;GAO Shan;CAI Xin;WANG Shaofeng;NIE Senlin;CAO Hongtao(School of Civil Engineering,Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha 410114,China;School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Guangxi Xinfazhan Communication Group Co.Ltd.,Nanning 530029,China;State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting,Wuhan 430056,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学土木工程学院,湖南长沙410114 [2]中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南长沙410083 [3]广西新发展交通集团有限公司,广西南宁530029 [4]精细爆破国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430056

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期849-865,共17页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2903901);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52004036,52104111);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2021JJ40572,2021JJ40579);湖南省教育厅科学研究优秀青年基金资助项目(20B040);广西交通运输行业重点科技项目(2020-24);江汉大学省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室、江汉大学爆破工程湖北省重点实验室联合开放基金资助项目(PBSKL2022D02)。

摘　　要：在山区开展路网建设时,常需以隧道的方式穿越不同海拔的高山或丘陵,以致掌子面围岩处于不同的地应力条件。目前,我国山地隧道的掘进仍以钻爆法为主,而深部高应力隧道爆破开挖时,往往存在破岩效果差、炮眼利用率低、超欠挖严重、围岩损伤大等问题,严重影响深部隧道的安全高效施工。本文首先介绍我国深埋高地应力隧道工程的分布及建设情况,分析隧道爆破破岩机理,并从裂纹扩展、卸载扰动、爆破损伤及爆破振动等方面,探讨高应力岩体的爆破响应特征。随后,从掏槽爆破、轮廓光面爆破及爆破振动控制3个方面归纳我国高应力隧道爆破技术发展现状。最后,从爆破力学基础理论、爆破参数的动态调整、钻爆智能一体化、地应力的调整与利用及爆破灾害的评估与防治技术5个角度对高应力隧道爆破技术的发展进行展望。When the road network is constructed in mountainous areas,it is usually necessary to cross through mountains or hills at different burial depths by means of tunnels,and the surrounding rocks near working face are exposed to various stresses.At present,the drilling and blasting method is still the dominated way for tunnel excavation.Series of problems are encountered in the blasting excavation of high-stressed tunnels,such as poor rock breakage,low utilization of borehole,high over or under excavation rate and serious damage to surrounding rock,and these issues greatly hinder the safety and efficiency of tunnel construction.In this paper,the distribution and construction statuses of deep-buried tunnels in China were firstly summarized.The mechanism of rock breakage in tunnel blasting was analyzed.The response characteristics of high-stressed rock subjected blastingload were also discussed in terms of crack development,unloading disturbance,rock damage and vibration induced by blasting.Subsequently,the state-of-the-art of the blast technology in high-stressed tunnels in China was summarized from three aspects,i.e.,cutting blasting,contour smooth blasting and blasting-induced vibration control.Finally,the development tendency of blasting technology in high-stressed tunnels was prospected from five aspects,i.e.,blasting mechanics theory,the dynamic adjustment of blasting parameters,the intelligent integration of drilling and blasting,the regulation and utilization of in-situ stress,as well as the assessment and prevention of blasting-induced disasters.

关 键 词：高地应力 深部隧道 隧道开挖 爆破特征 爆破方法 

分 类 号：TU751.9[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]