城乡结合带污染物入河特征及控制策略优化  

Characteristics and Control Strategy Optimization of Pollutants Flowing into River in the Peri-urban Areas

作　　者：何子贤 顾文权[1] 邵东国[1] 刘杰 HE Zi-xian;GU Wen-quan;SHAO Dong-guo;LIU Jie(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2023年第4期1-13,共13页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金重点支持项目(U21A20156)。

摘　　要：城乡结合带是流域复杂多样污染物的主要源汇区。科学识别该类区域的污染物入河湖特征,并根据河湖水功能区划等环境保护目标要求,优化区域城乡发展规模与种养结构,对河湖保护和综合治理具有重要意义。以四湖流域中下区这一典型城乡结合带为研究对象,采用改进输出系数法与浓度法,分别计算2008-2018年各市县的非点源与点源污染物入河量,得到污染物入河时空分布规律与特征,探明洪湖市农业种养是主要贡献源区之一。通过建立区间模糊多目标规划模型,对低、高两种节水控污水平下2030年种养结构及城乡规模进行了优化。结果表明:(1)2008-2018年研究区TP、COD入河量呈增高趋势,分别增加3.86%、11.11%,而NH3-N减少14.91%,TN减少0.4%,各类污染物入河总量最大值来源由监利市转移至洪湖市,研究区污染主控来源由城市污染逐渐转为农村污染,应加强农村面源污染的治理;(2)2030年研究区优化后节水减排效果显著,在高节水控污水平下荆州区域和潜江区域的万元GDP用水量比2018年最多下降42.2%和61.7%,TN、TP、COD、NH3-N比2018年最多分别削减47.9%、50.5%、56.2%、57.3%;(3)2030年研究区内水田种植应转变为旱作或虾稻种养模式,畜禽养殖量缩减20.9%,水产养殖量增加8.9%,农村人口缩减48.5%~49.4%,城镇人口增加76.2%~77.7%,工业增加值提高183.4%~183.9%。研究结果为洪湖水环境治理和四湖流域污染物入河总量控制提供了科学依据。Peri-urban areas are special areas formed in the period of rural areas changing to cities and towns.It has been vigorously devel⁃oped during the past few decades because of urbanization and industrialization,and rapidly caught everyone’s eyes.However,diverse pollut⁃ants brought by complex sources,ranging from farming,breeding,living,to production and processing,inescapability damage the surround⁃ing water environment and the whole basin ecosystem.In order to curb water pollution in peri-urban areas and cut down the total amount of pollutants flowing into river originally,this study selects middle and lower areas of the Four-lake basin as a research object,not only investi⁃gating all pollution sources and calculating the amount of pollutants,but also optimizing the structure of planting and breeding as well as the scale of urban and rural areas in the future.In this paper,Concentration Method and the Improved Export Coefficient Model(IECM)based on transfer reduction are used to calculate the amount of input pollutants from all point and non-point sources during the year 2008 to 2018.Then,spatial-temporal variations characteristics of input-river pollutants and the key pollutant sources are concluded and identified by data visualization,indicating that the agricultural planting and breeding in Honghu City are one of the most significant sources of input river pol⁃lutants.What’s more,Interval Fuzzy Multi-objective Programming Model(IFMOP)is used to optimize the planting structure as well as ur⁃ban and rural scale in 2030.Model parameters are inexactly set to simulate the uncertain situations in the future,such as climate,agricultur⁃al and industrial management,environmental protection policies.The results show that the input TP and COD pollutants in research areas during 2008 to 2018 increased by 3.86%and 11.11%respectively,while the input NH3-N and TN pollutants reduced by 14.91%and 0.4%.The main export area of input pollutants transferred from Jianli City to Honghu City.Most of input pollutants c

关 键 词：城乡结合带 改进输出系数法 污染物入河量 多目标规划 不确定性 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] X323[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X52