旱地高标准农田建设中雨水资源高效利用的措施研究  

Research on the Measures of Efficient Utilization of Rainwater Resources in the Construction of High Standard Farmland in Dry Land

作　　者：王欢 WANG Huan(China Irrigation and Drainage Development Center,Beijing 100054,China)

机构地区：[1]中国灌溉排水发展中心,北京100054

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2023年第4期235-237,243,共4页China Rural Water and Hydropower

摘　　要：为充分利用雨水资源应对旱地雨养农业区水土流失和干旱缺水等问题,发挥旱地在我国粮食生产中的重要地位,本文结合我国的气候条件以及作物种植实际,围绕高标准农田建设中如何增加雨水利用效率,从土壤内、土壤外和土壤内外结合3个角度提出了一些有效措施:(1)增加土壤蓄水库容,即深耕增加旱地土壤有效层厚度;(2)增加土壤有效水含量,即改善土壤结构增加土壤毛管孔隙;(3)增加补充水源,即兴建水窖、水池、水塘、小型堰坝、提水泵站等微小水源工程;(4)增加雨水灌溉利用效率,即增加配备有简易水肥一体化的微灌灌水设施。In order to make full use of rainwater resources to deal with the problems of soil erosion and drought and water shortage in dry land rainfed agricultural areas,and to give full play to the important position of dryland in China′s grain production,this paper focuses on the con⁃struction of high-standard farmland based on China′s climatic conditions and crop planting practices.How to increase rainwater use efficien⁃cy,some effective measures are put forward from three perspectives:①increase soil water storage capacity,that is,deep plowing to in⁃crease the thickness of dryland soil effective layer;②increase soil effective water content,that is,to improve the soil structure and increase soil capillary pores;③increase supplementary water sources,that is,build small water source projects such as water cellars,pools,ponds,small dams and pumping stations;④increase the utilization efficiency of rainwater irrigation,that is,increase the micro-irrigation facilities equipped with simple water and fertilizer integration.

关 键 词：高标准农田建设 雨水利用率 土壤改良 微小水源工程 

分 类 号：S714.7[农业科学—林学]