多电飞机电机绝缘研究现状和未来挑战  

Research Status and Future Challenges of More Electric Aircraft Motor Insulation

作　　者：孙浩 丁毅[1,2] 胡岳 王亚林[1,2] 尹毅[1,2] SUN Hao;DING Yi;HU Yue;WANG Yalin;YIN Yi(Department of Electrical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion,Ministry of Education(SJTU),Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学电气工程系,上海200240 [2]电力传输与功率变换控制教育部重点实验室(上海交通大学),上海200240

出　　处：《大电机技术》2023年第4期1-10,20,共11页Large Electric Machine and Hydraulic Turbine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52007114)。

摘　　要：出于可持续发展考虑,近几十年来,飞机正在向电气化发展以减少对机械、液压和气动系统的依赖,进一步提高系统效率与可靠性。但是由于当前技术限制,多电/全电飞机的功率远不及传统飞机,提高飞机推进功率和系统比功率是重点研究问题。更高的系统电压等级和新型宽禁带功率器件都能够改善以上问题,但与此同时也会带来严峻的挑战:高海拔区域高压绝缘设计与低海拔区域有显著差异,高海拔运行将面临低气压、高温和高湿等恶劣环境条件;由宽禁带器件驱动的电机需要耐受更快上升时间和更高频的脉宽调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)脉冲电压,这会对电机绕组带来更大的冲击。本文总结了多电飞机电机电气绝缘设计相关标准与挑战,考虑了高海拔环境因素与快速PWM脉冲电应力因素对电机绝缘影响,并指出现有标准中的不足和未来研究展望。For the sake of sustainable development,in recent decades,aircrafts have been electrified to reduce the dependence on mechanical,hydraulic and pneumatic systems and further improving system efficiency and reliability.However,due to current technical limitations,the power of more electric/all electric aircraft is far less than that of traditional aircraft,and improving the propulsion power and system specific power of aircraft is a key research issue.Higher system voltage levels and new wide bandgap power devices can improve the above problems,but at the same time bring serious challenges.The high voltage insulation design in high altitude areas is significantly different from low altitude areas.It will face harsh ambient conditions such as low air pressure,high temperature and high humidity at high altitude.Motors driven by wide bandgap devices need to withstand faster rise time and higher frequency pulse width modulation(PWM)pulse voltage,which will bring greater impact to the motor winding.This paper summarizes the relevant standards and challenges of electrical insulation design for more electric aircraft motors,considers the impact of high altitude ambient factors and fast PWM pulse electrical stress factors on motor insulation,and points out the inadequacies of existing standards and future research prospects.

关 键 词：电动飞机 电机绝缘 宽禁带器件 PWM脉冲 

分 类 号：TM303.4[电气工程—电机]