高水平太极拳运动员自主神经活动特征研究  

Characteristics of Cardiac Autonomic Activity in High-level Taijiquan Athletes

作　　者：林子煜 Lin Ziyu(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《武术研究》2023年第4期43-47,共5页Wushu Studies

摘　　要：目的:24式简化太极拳是竞技太极拳基本功训练的常用套路,通过观察高水平运动员24式太极拳运动前、中、后心率与心率变异性的变化特征,为高水平运动员训练中的运动负荷监测提供依据。方法:选取15名太极拳专项的高水平运动员为实验对象,测试并分析其在运动前静息状态、第一遍24式太极拳、第二遍24式太极拳、第三遍24式太极拳、运动后恢复状态这5个时段中的心率和心率变异性时域、频域指标变化。结果:(1)试验中,随着练习次数的增加,受试者心率和心率变异性低频指标(LF)、低频高频比值(LF/HF)逐渐上升,心率变异性RMSSD指标和高频指标(HF)逐渐下降。(2)各时段心率与RMSSD指标变化均具有统计学差异(P<0.01)。(3)心率变异性HF、LF、LF/HF指标变化在第二遍与第三遍24式太极拳练习之间无显著差异,LF/HF在第一遍与第二遍太极拳练习之间变化具有统计学意义(P<0.05);其余时段指标变化具有统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论:长期练习太极拳的高水平运动员自主神经张力及平衡性较好,表现出静息心率低、恢复速度快的心脏自主神经功能特点。由于太极拳的专项特征,建议在评价太极拳运动负荷时要采用多个维度的测试指标。24—style Taijiquan is a common Practice routine in Taijiquan basic skills training.The author selects 15 high-level athletes who specialize in Taijiquan as subjects,testing and analyzing their heart rate and heart rate variability(HRV)before exercise,24—style Taijiquan for the first time,the second time,the third time,and after exercise.The heart rate and HRV features are expected to provide the basis for exercising load monitoring in high-level athletes'training.In the test,as the exercise intensity increased,the heart rate,LF and LF/HF of subjects increased,while the RMSSD and HF decreased.The heart rate in different periods and the RMSSD indicators are statistically different(P<0.01).The frequency domain indicators HF,LF and LF/HF have no significant difference between the second and third Practice.However,the LF/HF changes between the first and second practice are statistically significant(P<0.05).The changes in frequency domain indicators for the remaining time periods are statistically different(P<0.01).In conclusion,the high-level athletes who practice Taijiquan for a long time have a better autonomic tone and balance,and exhibit cardiac autonomic function characteristics of low resting heart rate and fast recovery.Based on the specific characteristics of Tayiquan,it is suggested that multiple dimensions of test indices should be used in evaluating Taijiquan exercise load.

关 键 词：高水平运动员 心率变异性 自主神经 太极拳 

分 类 号：G85[文化科学—民族体育]