东方白鹳在山东省适宜栖息地的分布预测  

Prediction of the suitable habitat distribution of Oriental White Stork in Shandong Province

作　　者：李雨 卢柳妍 田秀华[2] 段玉宝[1,3] LI Yu;LU Liuyan;TIAN Xiuhua;DUAN Yubao(Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;College of Wildlife Resource,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学云南省高校极小种群野生动物保育重点实验室,昆明650224 [2]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040 [3]西南林业大学生物多样性保护学院,昆明650224

出　　处：《生态学报》2023年第6期2194-2201,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：云南省基础研究计划项目(20210AT070040,2019FD0070)。

摘　　要：东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)隶属鹳形目(Ciconiiformes)鹳科(Cioniidae)鹳属(Ciconia),被IUCN濒危物种红色名录列为濒危(EN),主要繁殖于俄罗斯远东地区与中国东北三江平原,在长江中下游鄱阳湖等沿海内陆湖泊越冬。山东省从2003年开始有东方白鹳繁殖记录,黄河三角洲为该物种在山东省的主要繁殖地。以在黄河三角洲自然保护区收集到的位点数据、物种分布数据库(GBIF)提取的位点数据和山东省环境气候因子为基础数据,基于最大熵(Maxent)模型和地理信息系统(ArcGIS)技术平台,预测东方白鹳在山东省的潜在适生区。结果表明在该物种在黄河三角洲及附近地区存在较集中的高适宜区,庙岛群岛和微山湖地区存在少量高适宜区,高适宜区总面积为1359.27km^(2);北至河北边界,南至微山县,沿黄河支流至西到达聊城市、菏泽市,存在1893.82km^(2)较适宜区和3955.63km^(2)低适宜区。潜在适宜生境总和为7208.72km^(2),占比为研究区域的0.89%。新出现的较为集中的较适宜区在微山湖周围地区,此地目前并无该物种出现的记录。通过对环境因子分析得知,东方白鹳选择适宜栖息地时更倾向于选择的植被类型是灌丛和草甸,土地利用类型是沼泽地、滩涂与河渠,远离道路,显著影响东方白鹳选择适宜区的气候因子是最暖季度降雨量和最干月份降雨量。研究旨在探究何种环境因子影响东方白鹳对适宜栖息地的选择,为该物种的栖息地管理和保护区建立提供科学依据,进而促进该物种种群和栖息地保护。The Oriental White Stork(Ciconia boyciana)belongs to the Ciconiiformes Stork family(Cioniidae)and the Stork genus(Ciconia).It is an endangered(EN)species on the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)Red List and is the national first-level protected wildlife.They mainly breed in the Far East of Russia and the Sanjiang Plain in Northeast China and overwinter in coastal inland lakes such as Poyang Lake in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.Shandong Province has recorded the reproduction of the Oriental White Stork since 2003.The Yellow River Delta is the main breeding ground for this species in Shandong Province.The purpose of this study is to explore what environmental factors affect the selection of suitable habitats for the Oriental White Stork.This article uses the site data collected in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve,the site data extracted from the Species Distribution Database(GBIF)and the environmental and climate factors of Shandong Province as the basic data,based on the Maximum Entropy(Maxent)model and geographic information system(Arc GIS),and predicts the potential suitable area of the Oriental White Stork in Shandong Province.The results show that the most suitable habitat for the species is concentrated in the Yellow River Delta and nearby areas.From the border of Hebei in the north of Shandong Province to Weishan County in the south,along the tributaries of the Yellow River to the west to Liaocheng City and Heze City,there are 3955.63 km^(2)low suitable areas and 1893.82 km^(2)more suitable area.The total potential suitable habitat is 7208.72 km 2,of which the most suitable area is 1359.27 km^(2),accounting for 0.89%of the study area.The newly emerged more concentrated and more suitable patches are in the area around Weishan Lake,where there is currently no record of this species.Through the analysis of environmental factors,it is known that the vegetation types that the Oriental White Stork prefers to choose when choosing suitable habitats are shrubs and meadows,

关 键 词：东方白鹳 最大熵(Maxent)模型 适宜栖息地 环境因子 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]