太行山东北部区域野生动物损害及损害补偿  

Wildlife damage and damage compensation in the northeastern region of Mountain Taihang

作　　者：吴佳忆 袁乃秀 申立泉 周鑫 吕青昕 耿硕 杨歆雨 郑启泽 朱印酒[2] 盛岩[1] 孟秀祥[1,2] WU Jiayi;YUAN Naixiu;SHEN Liquan;ZHOU Xin;LU Qingxin;GENG Shuo;YANG Xinyu;ZHENG Qize;ZHU Yinjiu;SHENG Yan;MENG Xiuxiang(School of Environment and Natural Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;College of Science,Tibet University,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872 [2]西藏大学理学院,拉萨850000

出　　处：《生态学报》2023年第7期2605-2613,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：生态环境部生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006)。

摘　　要：人兽冲突是生物多样性保护的重要研究主题,合理的损害补偿有助于野生动物可持续保护及管理。为探究太行山东北部区域野生动物损害及损害补偿,于2019年与2020年7—9月对区域内主要肇事野生动物(野猪Sus scrofa和狗獾Meles leucurus)进行了种群及损害调查;2021年7—8月基于访谈,对区域的损害赔偿及社区的受偿意愿进行了量化计测和分析。结果表明,太行山东北部区域的野猪(密度为(6.283±1.274)只/km^(2))及狗獾(密度为(4.855±1.610)只/km^(2))种群较大,对区域内的农业生产带来了较大损害,且肇事频率呈上升趋势;已有的防控手段效果有限,当地社区对野生动物保护支持度较高,但对肇事动物保护的态度相对消极;区域内的野生动物损害补偿已普遍施行,有效补偿了受损农户的部分经济损失,但也存在补偿覆盖不全面、补偿标准模糊及补偿数额偏低等问题。当地农户的受偿意愿((10962.60±1751.55)元/hm^(2))与其文化程度、损害补偿满意度和野生动物保护态度负相关,与保护政策支持度正相关。根据调研结果,建议加大力度落实野生动物损害补偿政策、构建野生动物损害保险制度、开展长期监测,并控制野生动物种群数量,最终通过调整土地利用模式、提供替代生计等方法,化解人兽冲突矛盾。Human-wildlife conflict is a great challenge in biodiversity conservation today,and compensation for the damages of local people caused by wildlife is beneficial to the sustainable implementation of conservation and management policies.From July to September,2019 and 2020,we estimated the population density of two main crop-destroy animals,wild boars(Sus scrofa)and Asian badger(Meles leucurus)by the line transect method;then from July to August,2021,we investigated the situation of human-wildlife conflict,the implementation of wildlife damage compensation policy and willingness to accept by questionnaire survey method in Huairou District,Beijing.The results showed that the population density of wild boars was(6.283±1.274)ind/km^(2) and the population density of Asian badgers was(4.855±1.610)ind/km^(2),which were at a high level and caused large damage to the agricultural production.Local residents found that the frequency of damage incidents was increasing,and the existing prevention and control measures were not effective.They had a negative attitude toward wildlife,but still supported the protection policy.The wildlife damage compensation policy has been implemented in many villages,effectively compensating some of the losses,but there existed some problems like incomplete compensation coverage,vague compensation standards and low compensation amounts.The willingness to accept of residents was(10962.60±1751.55)yuan/hm^(2),which was negatively correlated with the education level,the satisfaction degree of damage compensation and wildlife protection attitude,and positively correlated with the support degree of animal protection policy.We suggested that the administrator should ensure the implementation of wildlife damage compensation policy and insurance system for wildlife,carry out long-term monitoring,control the wildlife population,and eventually change land-use patterns and provide alternative livelihoods to resolve human-wildlife conflict problems.

关 键 词：人兽冲突 野猪(Sus scrofa) 狗獾(Meles leucurus) 太行山 野生动物损害补偿 

分 类 号：S863[农业科学—野生动物驯养]