数字化转型对企业劳动需求的影响  

The Impact of Digital Transformation on Enterprise Labor Demand

作　　者：沈宏亮[1] 李杰 宋思萌 SHEN Hong-liang;LI Jie;SONG Si-meng(School of Economics,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学经济学院,北京100070

出　　处：《软科学》2023年第3期87-96,共10页Soft Science

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金专项课题(21LLLJC031)。

摘　　要：将数据要素引入C-D生产函数,建立企业数字化转型影响劳动要素投入模型,揭示了企业数字化转型通过规模效应、生产率效应、工资收入效应及替代效应影响劳动需求的理论机制。利用文本分析方法构建反映企业数字化转型的指标,基于2011-2019年上市公司数据检验了企业数字化转型对劳动需求的影响强度和机理。结果表明:企业数字化转型整体上显著促进了劳动需求,在采用工具变量法、匹配-双重差分法等识别策略控制可能的内生性后结论依然稳健。其中,对于资本技术密集型和高市场集中度行业企业、外部融资约束高的企业和国有企业的劳动需求,尤其是中高技能劳动需求的促进效应尤为显著。这种促进作用主要源于规模效应和生产率效应,部分受到工资收入效应影响。This paper introduces data factors into C-D production function,establishes a model of digital transformation affecting labor factor input,and reveals the theoretical mechanism of digital transformation affecting labor demand through scale effect,productivity effect,income effect and substitution effect.And then,it contracts indicators that reflect enterprise digital transformation by use text analysis method,and examines the influence strength and mechanism of enterprise digital transformation on labor demand based on the data of listed companies from 2011 to 2018.Results show that digital transformation significantly promotes the labor demand of firms on the whole,and this result is stil robust after controlling the possible endogeneity by adopting identify strategies such as 2SLS,PSM-DID methods.And digital transformation has a particularly significant promotion effect on the labor demand in the capital-technology intensive industries,the industries with high market concentration,the firms with high external financing constraints,the state-owned firms,the groups with medium and high skill.This promotion effect mainly comes from scale effect and productivity effect,and partly is affected by income effect.

关 键 词：数字化转型 劳动需求 规模效应 替代效应 工资收入效应 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济] F279.2