广西特有植物丽萼熊巴掌开花物候与繁育系统研究  

Study of Flowering Phenology and Breeding System of the Phyllagathis longiradiosa C.Chen var.pulchella C.Chen in Guangxi

作　　者：陈宇娇 王满莲[2,3] 唐辉 李虹[2,3] 张秀姣 刘宝玉[2,3] 郝敏 CHEN Yujiao;WANG Manlian;TANG Hui;LI Hong;ZHANG Xiujiao;LIU Baoyu;HAO Min(Guilin University of Technology,Guilin Guangxi 541006,China;Guangxi Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Guilin Guangxi 541006,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization,Guilin Guangxi 541006,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学,广西桂林541006 [2]广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所,广西桂林541006 [3]广西植物功能物质与资源持续利用重点实验室,广西桂林541006

出　　处：《种子》2023年第2期21-27,F0002,共8页Seed

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB 21220024);中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(2020 TG 21);桂林市创新平台和人才计划项目(20210102-3);桂林科技攻关项目(20190213-2)。

摘　　要：针对广西特有观赏药用植物丽萼熊巴掌引种驯化植株坐果率低的问题,以丽萼熊巴掌引种居群为试验对象,观测其花部形态、花期物候、花粉活力,柱头可授性等特征,并结合套袋实验,探究其繁育系统类型及结实率较低的限制因素。结果表明,丽萼熊巴掌花两性,伞形花序顶生,花期4—5月,单花序花期(18.6±3.1)d,单花花期1~2 d,不分泌花蜜。丽萼熊巴掌杂交指数为4,套袋实验证明其繁育系统为异交,部分自交亲和,需要传粉者。丽萼熊巴掌松蕾期柱头即具可授性,末花期柱头仍有活性且强于松蕾期;盛花期花粉活力明显强于末花期。人工异株异花授粉结实率高于自然结实率,且不存在无融合生殖现象。研究表明,丽萼熊巴掌拥有灵活的传粉机制和较长的传粉时间,其坐果率仍然较低,可能与花粉限制和资源限制以及授粉期恰逢雨季有关。Aiming at the low fruit-setting rate of the introduced and domesticated plants of the unique ornamental medicinal plant Phyllagathis longiradiosa of Guangxi,the population of the introduced species of the plant was taken as the test object to observe its flower morphology,flowering season,pollen activity,stigma receptivity and other characteristics,combined with bagging experiment,to explore the type of breeding system and the limiting factors of low seed setting rate.The results showed that the flowers were bisexual,terminal umbellorescences,flowering period from April to May,single flower period(18.6±3.1)days,single flower period 1-2 days,no nectar secreted.The hybrid index was 4.Bagging experiments showed that the breeding system was outcross,partially self-compatible and needed pollinators.The stigma was receptive at the bud stage,but was still active at the last flowering stage and stronger than that at the bud stage.Pollen activity at full flowering stage was significantly stronger than that at last flowering stage.The seed setting rate of artificial cross-pollination was higher than that of natural pollination,and there was no apomixis phenomenon.Studies have shown that Phyllagathis longiradiosa had the flexible pollination mechanism and long pollination time,and its fruit setting rate was still low,which might be related to pollen and resource limitations and the pollination period coincided with the rainy season.

关 键 词：丽萼熊巴掌 开花特征 繁育系统 杂交指数 

分 类 号：S682.39[农业科学—观赏园艺]