莽草酸及其复合物对冬枣枝叶生长及果实品质的影响  

Effects of shikimic acid and its complex on shoot and leaf growth and fruit quality of Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’

作　　者：王璐瑶 屈英月 孟宪巍 韩露 赵卫强 刘志国 赵锦[3] 刘孟军[1,2] WANG Luyao;QU Yingyue;MENG Xianwei;HAN Lu;ZHAO Weiqiang;LIU Zhiguo;ZHAO Jin;LIU Mengjun(College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China;Research Center of Chinese Jujube,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China;College of Life Science,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071000 [2]河北农业大学中国枣研究中心,河北保定071000 [3]河北农业大学生命科学学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《经济林研究》2023年第1期117-123,共7页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000700,2018YFD1000607,2019YFD1001605);河北省高校百名优秀创新人才支持计划项目(SLRC2019031)。

摘　　要：【目的】为枣树生长发育调控提供新途径。【方法】以冬枣为试材,设置30、60、90 mg/L莽草酸(ShA)处理,及60 mg/L ShA+5 g/L复合肥、5 g/L复合肥、60 mg/L ShA+5 mmol/L水杨酸(SA)、5 mmol/L SA、60 mg/L ShA+50 mg/L生长素(IAA)、50 mg/L IAA等9个处理,分别编号T1~T9,以清水为对照,分别于枣树展叶后和幼果期进行叶面喷施各2次,每次间隔10 d。观测枣树枝叶生长状况,并测定半红期果实的主要品质指标。【结果】与对照相比,T2、T5和T6处理均可以促进枣树叶片和枣吊的生长。其中,T6处理的冬枣叶长、叶宽、叶面积、枣吊长、叶绿素含量及光合速率均显著高于对照,表明莽草酸及其组合处理可显著促进枣树枝叶生长和提高光合速率。各处理的叶片光合速率为8.04~13.28μmol/(m2·s),其中T1、T2、T4、T6、T7、T8和T9处理的叶片光合速率显著高于对照,T5处理显著低于对照,T3处理与对照无显著差异,T6处理促进冬枣叶片叶绿素积累和提高光合速率的效果最为显著。在果实外观品质上,T1处理显著提高了单果质量,T3处理显著提高了果实硬度。在果实内在品质上:与对照相比,T3处理可显著提高果实抗氧化物质维生素C、多酚和黄酮的含量;各处理的果实可溶性固形物含量为23.47%~26.27%,其中T6和T9处理的果实可溶性固形物含量与对照无显著差异,其他处理均显著低于对照;T6处理可显著提高果实的可滴定酸含量。【结论】叶面喷施莽草酸可显著促进枣树的营养生长,并有利于改善枣果实品质。【Objective】It provides a new way for jujube trees growth and development regulation.【Method】‘Dongzao’was used as the test material.Nine treatments,namely 30,60,90 mg/L shikimic acid(ShA),60 mg/L ShA+5 g/L fertilizer,5 g/L fertilizer,60 mg/L ShA+5 mmol/L salicylic acid(SA),5 mmol/L SA,60 mg/L ShA+50 mg/L auxin(IAA),and 50 mg/L IAA,were set up.They were numbered T1-T9 respectively,and the clear water was as the control.They were sprayed on the leaves of jujube trees twice after leaf expansion and at the young fruit period,with an interval of 10 days.The growth of shoot and leaf of jujube trees was observed,and the main quality indexes of fruit in half red period were determined.【Result】Compared with the control,60 mg/L ShA,5 g/L fertilizer and 60 mg/L ShA+5 mmol/L SA on the leaves could promote the growth of jujube leaves and bearing shoot.Including the bearing shoot length,leaf length,leaf width,leaf area,leaf chlorophyll and leaf photosynthetic rate of‘Dongzao’jujube treated with 60 mg/L ShA+5 mmol/L SA were significantly higher than those of the control.The ShA and its combination treatment could significantly promote the development of shoot and leaf and increase the photosynthetic rate of jujube trees.The photosynthetic rate of leaves in each treatment was 8.04-13.28μmol/(m2∙s),the photosynthetic rate of leaves in T1,T2,T4,T6,T7,T8 and T9 treatment was significantly higher than that in the control and T5 treatment was significantly lower than the control and there was no significant difference between T3 treatment and the control.T6 treatment had the most significant effect on promoting chlorophyll accumulation and photosynthetic rate in‘Dongzao’leaves.In fruit appearance quality,T1 treatment significantly improved the single fruit mass and T3 treatment significantly improved the fruit hardness.In terms of fruit internal quality,compared with the control,T3 treatment could significantly increase the content of antioxidant vitamin C,polyphenols and flavonoids in fruit;the content of f

关 键 词：莽草酸 冬枣 生长 果实品质 复合物 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]