出 处:《经济林研究》2023年第1期124-132,共9页Non-wood Forest Research
基 金:“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000700);河北省科技支撑计划项目(21326802D);河北省优秀回国人员资助项目(CN201601)。
摘 要:【目的】了解生物有机肥施用量对杏园土壤理化性质和杏树生长的影响情况,确定生物有机肥的适宜施用量,为杏园的科学施肥提供理论依据和技术指导。【方法】以河北省张家口市蔚县细弦子村15年生的木瓜杏为试材,于2020—2021年,设置生物有机肥施用量分别为0、1、2、3 kg/株的4个施肥处理(其编号依次为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ)对杏树进行施肥试验,测定不同施肥处理的不同土层的土壤养分含量、叶片营养元素、叶绿素含量及果实品质等指标,并对其相关性进行分析。【结果】与处理Ⅰ的相比,处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的土壤养分含量和果实品质指标值均有不同程度的增加,且其土壤pH值均得以改善。不同施用量的生物有机肥其作用效果也不同,随着生物有机肥施用量的增加,土壤养分含量总体呈现出先升高后降低的变化趋势。施用生物有机肥能更加明显地提高果实品质中可溶性固形物和可滴定酸的含量,且能显著提高其固酸比,还能增加果实中各种矿质元素的含量。土壤pH值与叶片全氮、全磷、全钾含量、叶绿素含量、单果鲜质量、固酸比及果实钾、钙含量之间均呈显著负相关,而与果实硬度呈显著正相关;土壤全氮含量与叶片全钾含量和类胡萝卜素含量之间均呈极显著正相关,而与叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量间均呈显著正相关;土壤有效磷含量与叶片全氮与全磷的含量、果实的固酸比、果实中的铁含量、单果鲜质量和果实中的钙含量之间均呈显著正相关,而与果实硬度呈极显著负相关。【结论】施用生物有机肥能显著改善杏园土壤的理化性质,提高木瓜杏的果实品质。当生物有机肥的施用量为2 kg/株(处理Ⅲ)时,其肥效最好。【Objective】To understand the effect of the application amount of bio organic fertilizer on the physical and chemical properties of soil and the growth of apricot trees in apricot orchards,determine the appropriate application amount of bio organic fertilizer,and provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for scientific fertilization in apricot orchards.【Method】With 15-year-old‘mugua’apricot in Xixianzi village,Yu county,Zhangjiakou city,Hebei province as the test material,from 2020 to 2021,four fertilization treatments(treatment numbers wereⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣin turn)with bio organic fertilizer application rates of 0,1,2 and 3 kg/plant were set up to conduct fertilization tests on apricot trees,and determine the soil nutrient content,leaf nutrient elements,chlorophyll content,fruit quality and other indicators in different soil layers of different fertilization treatments,and analyze its correlation.【Result】Compared with treatmentⅠ,the soil nutrient content and fruit quality index values of treatmentⅡ,ⅢandⅣwere increased in varying degrees,and their soil pH values were improved.The effect of bio organic fertilizer with different application amount was also different.With the increase of bio organic fertilizer application amount,the soil nutrient content generally presented a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.The application of bio organic fertilizer significantly improved the content of soluble solids and titratable acid in the fruit quality,and significantly improved the solid acid ratio,and also increased the content of various mineral elements in the fruit.Soil pH was negatively correlated with leaf total N,total P,total K content,chlorophyll content,fresh mass of single fruit,solid acid ratio,fruit K and Ca content,while positively correlated with fruit hardness.The total N content in soil was positively correlated with total K content and carotenoid content in leaves,and positively correlated with chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.The content of available P in soil was p
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