皮部物理处理对油茶春梢和皮部有机营养的影响  

Effects of physical treatments on spring shoots and skin organic nutrition of Camellia oleifera

作　　者：冉宪智 覃世杰 廖仁雅 潘晓芳[1] 莫雅芳 苏晓琳 何正峰 宁昌龙 RAN Xianzhi;QIN Shijie;LIAO Renya;PAN Xiaofang;MO Yafang;SU Xiaolin;HE Zhengfeng;NING Changlong(College of Forestry,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,Guangxi,China;Guangxi State Owned Forestry Investment Co.,Ltd,Nanning 530025,Guangxi,China;Guangxi State-owned Gaofeng Forest Farm,Nanning 530002,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学林学院,广西南宁530004 [2]广西国控林业投资股份有限公司,广西南宁530025 [3]广西壮族自治区国有高峰林场,广西南宁530002

出　　处：《经济林研究》2023年第1期245-254,共10页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：广西科技重大专项“油茶园艺化栽培关键技术研究”(桂科AA20302021-2);广西壮族自治区林业局林业科技项目“油茶园艺化丰产栽培技术研究与应用”(桂林科研[2022ZC]第42号)。

摘　　要：【目的】提升岑溪软枝油茶的春梢质量和促进花芽分化。【方法】以12年生岑溪软枝油茶为试验材料,于2021年3月春梢萌动前对油茶主枝分别进行环剥、环割和环扎处理,并设置对照。处理时和处理后每隔15 d分别采集处理部位上下皮部,测定可溶性糖、淀粉、全氮和有机碳含量;在春梢生长结束时测定春梢长度和基部直径,统计春梢数量,在现蕾期统计花芽分化率。【结果】环剥和环扎处理的油茶春梢长度均低于对照,其中环剥达到显著水平;环割处理春梢长度高于对照,但未达到显著水平;各处理春梢数量和基部直径均无显著差异。环剥处理和环扎处理花芽分化率均极显著高于对照。3种物理处理均有利于处理部位上部皮部可溶性糖和非结构性糖的积累,对处理部位下部影响较小。各处理皮部有机营养呈现不同的差异性。环剥对处理部位上部可溶性糖和非结构性糖积累的影响最大,持续时间最长,处理部位上下部之间的差异最大;环割由于愈合较快,处理部位上下皮部可溶性糖含量之间差异较小。3种物理处理与对照的皮部淀粉含量呈现不同的差异性,相同处理上下皮部淀粉含量在不同时期表现出不同程度的差异性。皮部有机碳和碳氮比变化规律不明显,各处理均提高了春梢伸长结束时和花芽分化时皮部有机碳含量,各处理碳氮比在大部分时期均低于对照。【结论】环剥和环扎处理均能改善皮部的养分情况,并极显著促进花芽分化,其中环剥处理操作简单,起效快,能显著抑制春梢生长。因此生产实践中建议在春梢萌动前对油茶主枝进行环剥处理。【Objective】Improve the quality of spring shoots and promote flower bud differentiation of Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera.【Method】The 12-year-old Cenxi soft branch C.oleifera was used as the experimental material.Before the spring shoots sprouted in March 2021,the main branches of C.oleifera were respectively girding,ringing and strangulation,and the control was set.The contents of soluble sugar,starch,total nitrogen and organic carbon in the upper and lower skins of the treated parts were measured at the time of treatment and every 15 days after treatment;at the end of spring shoot growth and budding stage,the length and base diameter of spring shoots were measured,and the number of spring shoots and the rate of flower bud differentiation were investigated.【Result】The spring shoot length of C.oleifera treated by girdling and strangulation was lower than that of the control,and the ringing reached a significant level;the spring shoot length of girdling treatment was higher than that of control,but did not reach a significant level;there was no significant difference in the number of spring shoots and basal diameter among the treatments.The rate of flower bud differentiation of girdling and strangulation treatment was significantly higher than that of control.All three physical treatments were beneficial to the accumulation of soluble sugar and non structural carbohydrate in the upper part of the treatment site,but had little effect on the lower part of the treatment site.The organic nutrition of the skin of each treatment showed different differences.Girdling had the largest impact on the accumulation of soluble sugar and non structural carbohydrate in the upper part of the treatment site,and lasted the longest.The difference between the upper and lower parts of the treatment site was the largest;because of the rapid healing of ringing,there was little difference in soluble sugar content between the upper and lower skins of the treatment sites.The starch content in the upper and lower parts of the

关 键 词：油茶 物理方法 春梢生长 花芽分化率 皮部有机营养 

分 类 号：S605[农业科学—园艺学]