密度和灌溉定额对76 cm等行距棉田土壤硝态氮分布和氮素利用的影响  

Effects of Density and Irrigation Quota under Drip Irrigation on Nitrate Distribution and Nitrogen Utilization in Cotton Field with Constant Row Spacing of 76 cm

作　　者：程少雨 林涛[2] 吴凤全[1] 侯培珂 张丽莹 汤秋香[1] CHENG Shaoyu;LIN Tao;WU Fengquan;HOU Peike;ZHANG Liying;TANG Qiuxiang(College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Institute of Ecomomic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiological Ecology and Cultivation,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所/农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第3期521-531,共11页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1001005);新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育专项(xjkcpy-2020003);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划(XJEDU2019I0120);南京农业大学—新疆农业大学联合基金(KYYJ201802);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新平台能力提升建设专项-农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-202001);自治区天山英才培养。

摘　　要：【目的】研究76 cm等行距机采棉种植模式下,土壤硝态氮分布和氮素利用对密度和灌溉定额调控的响应机制,为优化76 cm等行距机采棉栽培模式提供理论依据。【方法】在大田试验基础上,设置3个种植密度(低密度M_(1),13.5×10^(4)株/hm^(2);中密度M 2,18×10^(4)株/hm^(2);高密度M_(3),22.5×10^(4)株/hm^(2))和灌溉定额[重度亏缺W_(1)(50%ET_(C)),3150 m^(3)/hm^(2);轻度亏缺W_(2)(75%ET_(C)),4050 m^(3)/hm^(2);充分灌溉W 3(100%ET_(C)),4980 m^(3)/hm^(2)]。研究其对76 cm等行距机采棉田土壤无机氮含量、土壤硝态氮分布及氮素利用的影响。【结果】在相同灌溉定额下,密度对土壤铵态氮含量、硝态氮分布的均匀性均有显著影响(P<0.05),随密度的升高,土壤铵态氮含量降低,上层土壤硝态氮占比呈先升高后降低,而硝态氮分布的均匀性则完全相反。在相同密度处理下,随灌溉定额的增加,土壤硝态氮含量、分布的均匀性、上层土壤硝态氮占比、表聚性显著降低。密度和灌溉定额及两因素交互对棉田氮生产效率、氮素偏生产力均有显著性影响(P<0.05),随密度的升高,氮生产效率呈先降低后升高趋势,氮素偏生产力则逐渐降低;随灌溉定额的增加,氮生产效率逐渐降低,氮素偏生产力则相反。以低度与重度亏缺灌溉处理氮素生产效率最高,而氮素偏生产力则以低密度、中密度与充分灌溉处理组合最高,但与高密度与重度亏缺灌溉处理组合没有显著差异。【结论】氮素偏生产力以低密度、中密度与充分灌溉处理组合最高,分别为13.56、13.54 kg/kg,与高密度与重度亏缺灌溉处理组合没有显著差异。【Objective】To investigate the response mechanism of soil nitrate nitrogen distribution and nitrogen use to density and irrigation quota under 76 cm row spacing machine-picked cotton planting mode in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for improving the cultivation mode.【Methods】Based on the field experiment,three planting densities(low-density M_(1),135,000 plants/hm^(2);medium-density M_(2),180,000 plants/hm^(2),high-density M 3,225,000 plants/hm^(2))were set to study the effects of irrigation quotas[severe deficit W_(1)(50%ETc),3,150 m^(3)/hm^(2);mild deficit W_(2)(75%ETc),4,050 m^(3)/hm^(2);and fully irrigated W _(3)(100%ETc),4,980 m^( 3)/hm^(2)]on soil inorganic nitrogen content,soil nitrate nitrogen distribution and nitrogen utilization in machine-picked cotton fields with constant row spacing of 76 cm.【Results】Under the same irrigation quota,the density of soil had a significant effect on the content of ammonium nitrogen and the distribution uniformity of nitrate nitrogen.In other words,with the increase of soil densities,the content of ammonium nitrogen decreased,and the proportion of nitrate nitrogen in the upper soil increased first and then decreased,while the distribution uniformity of nitrate nitrogen was completely the opposite.Under the same density treatment,with the increase of irrigation quota,soil nitrate nitrogen content,distribution uniformity,the proportion of nitrate nitrogen in the upper soil,surface polymerization decreased significantly.In addition,density,irrigation quota and the interaction of the two factors had significant effects on N productivity and N partial productivity in cotton field.Namely,with the increase of density,nitrogen productivity decreased first and then increased,while nitrogen partial productivity decreased gradually.With the increase of irrigation quota,nitrogen production efficiency decreased gradually,while nitrogen partial productivity was on the contrary.The nitrogen production efficiency of low and heavy deficit irrigation treatments was the

关 键 词：机采棉 76 cm等行距 密度 灌溉定额 硝态氮分布 氮素利用 

分 类 号：S233.75[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S562[农业科学—农业工程]