库尔勒地区梨火疫病防治药剂筛选及防治适期分析  

Preliminary Screening of Control Agents and Exploration of Optimum Fire Blight Control Period in Korla

作　　者：白江 朱海涵 张国强[1] BAI Jiang;ZHU Haihan;ZHANG Guoqiang(College of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003,China;Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center of Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture,Korla Xinjiang 841000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院/新疆绿洲农业病虫害治理与植保资源利用重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [2]巴州农业技术推广中心,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第3期675-682,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团科技攻关项目(2019AB023)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选出防治梨火疫病化学药剂和防治适期,为该病害的防控提供依据。【方法】选择14种市售药剂进行田间药效试验,采用常量喷雾方法进行化学防治药剂筛选,分析不同时期施药最佳防治时期,运用定向涂抹法防治发病严重部位。【结果】铜制剂对梨火疫病的防效相对较优于农用抗生素,其中氢氧化铜、噻菌铜和松脂酸铜的防效分别为96.2%、68.5%和66.7%;香梨初花期施药的防治效果显著优于盛花期和果实膨大期,且铜制剂的防效高于其它药剂,其中初花期施用氢氧化铜对梨火疫病的防效可达96.2%;针对已发病的梨树枝干,可使用植物杂源多酚进行涂抹防治,病斑抑制率达到了92.1%。【结论】初花期可喷施铜制剂进行保护,有效阻止病原菌入侵;盛花期可使用非铜制剂进行防治,避免产生药害;果实膨大期可使用植物杂源多酚或噻霉酮涂抹剂定向涂抹。【Objective】In this experiment,the aim is to screen out chemical agents and suitable period for controlling fire blight in the hope of providing a basis for the prevention and control of the disease.【Method】The field efficacy trials of 14 kinds of commercial fungicides were carried out,the chemical control agents were screened by conventional spray,and the best prevention and treatment period was given in different periods,and the targeted smear method was used to treat the severely diseased parts.【Result】The control effects of copper preparations were better than agricultural antibiotics.The control effects of copper hydroxide,thiamethoxam copper and copper abietate were 96.2%,68.5%and 66.7%,respectively.The efficiency at the early flowering stage was significantly better than that at the full flowering stage and fruit enlargement stage,the control effect of copper preparation was higher than that of other agents,and the efficiency of copper hydroxide at the early flowering stage was 96.2%.For the onset pear branches,the expansion of lesions were effectively inhibited by applying the plant heterogenous polyphenols,and inhibition ratio reached 92.1%.【Conclusion】Copper preparations could be sprayed at the early flowering stage to resist pathogen invasion.Non-copper preparations can be used to prevent and cure this disease in flowering period,avoiding drug damage,during the fruit enlargement period,plant miscellaneous polyphenols or thiamphenone can be used for directional application.

关 键 词：梨火疫病 库尔勒香梨 杀菌剂 防治适期 铜制剂 农用抗生素 

分 类 号：S436.612[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]