不同种植方式降低厚皮甜瓜裂果率初探  

Different planting approaches reduce the cracking rate of muskmelon

作　　者：李晴 乜兰春[1] 赵文圣 张芊 赵文硕 李智琪 LI Qing;NIE Lanchun;ZHAO Wensheng;ZHANG Qian;ZHAO Wenshuo;LI Zhiqi(Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm and Utilization of Hebei Province/Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei Province/Horticulture College,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省蔬菜种质创新与利用重点实验室·河北省蔬菜产业协同创新中心·河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2023年第4期71-75,共5页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：河北省教育厅科学技术研究项目(ZD20200343);河北省现代农业产业技术体系蔬菜创新团队(HBCT2018030210)。

摘　　要：为研究不同种植方式对厚皮甜瓜裂果情况、果实产量、品质及植株干物质积累和分配的影响,以生产中常用的单蔓单果(株距45 cm)种植方式为对照,分别设置双蔓双果(株距55、60、65 cm)和3蔓双果(株距60、65、70 cm)处理。结果表明,双蔓双果和3蔓双果种植方式裂果率和裂果指数分别较对照降低了28.62%~67.60%和41.94%~83.87%,其中,双蔓双果株距60 cm(双60)处理最低,裂果率和裂果指数分别为10.71%和0.05;商品产量比对照显著增加了20.05%~73.57%,其中,双60处理最高,为2 673.87 kg·667 m^(-2),且果形指数显著提高,可溶性固形物含量比对照提高了4.55%~7.24%。双蔓双果种植方式对植株干物质向果实的分配比例无显著影响,3蔓双果种植方式向果实的干物质分配比例显著降低。双蔓双果株距60 cm的果实裂果率和裂果指数均最低,果实商品产量最高,可溶性固形物含量显著提升,可在生产上应用推广。The effects of different planting methods on fruit cracking,fruit yield,fruit quality,dry matter accumulation,and distribution of muskmelon were studied by setting different planting methods of the double vines and double fruits(plant spacing 55 cm,60 cm,65 cm)and three vines and double fruits(plant spacing 60 cm,65 cm,70 cm)with single vine and single fruit commonly used in production as the control.The results showed that the fruit cracking rate and cracking index of the plants with double vines and double fruits and plants with three vines and double fruits decreased by 28.62%-67.6%and 41.94%-83.87%respectively,the lowest among these was found in the double vines and double fruits spacing 60 cm(the double 60)treatment,with 10.71%and 0.05,respectively,compared with the control,the commodity yield significantly increased by 20.05%-73.57%,the highest among these was found in the double 60 treatment,with 2673.87 kg·667 m^(-2).And the fruit shape index was also significantly increased.The soluble solids content of fruits increased by 4.55%to 7.24%compared to the control.The plantings of the double vines and double fruits had no significant effect on the distribution of dry matter to the fruit,while the plantings of three vines and double fruits significantly reduced the distribution of dry matter to the fruit.In summary,the double vines and double fruits spacing 60 cm had the lowest fruit cracking rate and fruit cracking index,the highest commercial yield,and significant increase soluble solids content,which can be promoted for production.

关 键 词：厚皮甜瓜 种植方式 裂果 产量 果实品质 干物质积累和分配 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学]