相对论重离子碰撞中QCD相图的实验研究  

Experimental study of the QCD phase diagram in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

作　　者：张宇[1] 张定伟 罗晓峰 ZHANG Yu;ZHANG Dingwei;LUO Xiaofeng(Institute of Particle Physics and Key Laboratory of Quark&Lepton Physics(MOE),Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]粒子物理研究所夸克与轻子教育部重点实验室华中师范大学,武汉430079

出　　处：《核技术》2023年第4期1-13,共13页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.12122505,No.11890711);国家重点研发计划(No.2022YFA1604900,No.2020YFE0202002,No.2018YFE0205201);中国博士后科学基金第72批面上资助二等(No.2022M721293)资助。

摘　　要：量子色动力学(Quantum Chromodynamics,QCD)相图结构和相变临界点是高能物理理论和实验的研究热点。相对论重离子碰撞是探索QCD相图结构、寻找QCD相变临界点的有力工具。美国布鲁克海文国家实验室的相对论重离子对撞机(Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider,RHIC)是目前世界上进行高能重离子碰撞的大型实验装置之一,其中的STAR(Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC)实验致力于高温高密条件下夸克胶子等离子体(Quark Gluon Plasma,QGP)性质以及QCD相结构的实验研究。本文着重介绍近年来RHIC-STAR能量扫描实验中运用守恒荷高阶矩和轻核产生寻找QCD相变临界点的研究进展,最后将对高重子密度区QCD相结构的未来研究做出展望。Experimental evidences at the relativistic heavy ion collisions(RHIC)and large hadron collider(LHC)have demonstrated the formation of quark gluon plasma(QGP)in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at a small baryon chemical potential,where the phase transition from hadronic matter to QGP is suggested to be a crossover from state-of-the-art lattice quantum chromodynamics(QCD)calculations.It has been conjectured that there is a firstorder phase transition and a critical point at a finiteμB region in the QCD phase diagram.This study reviewed recent progress in searching for the QCD critical point from RHIC-STAR experiments.

关 键 词：QCD相图 相对论重离子对撞 QCD临界点 守恒荷涨落 轻核产生 

分 类 号：TL99[核科学技术—核技术及应用]