涡旋场中的强作用物质相变  

Phase transitions of strong interaction matter in vorticity fields

作　　者：姜寅 廖劲峰 JIANG Yin;LIAO Jinfeng(Beihang University,Beijing 100083,China;Hangzhou Innovation Institute Yuhang,Beihang University,Hangzhou 310023,China;Physics Department,Indiana University,Bloomington,IN47405,USA)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学,北京100083 [2]北京航空航天大学杭州创新研究院(余杭),杭州310023 [3]美国印第安纳大学物理系,布卢明顿IN47405

出　　处：《核技术》2023年第4期140-158,共19页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.11875002)资助。

摘　　要：强作用物质相结构的研究是核物理里一个非常活跃的前沿领域,对于理解相对论重离子碰撞实验和中子星观测有重要意义。传统的相结构研究集中于高温度和高密度所带来的物性变化,特别是相关的相变过程,比如手征恢复相变、色超导相变等。近年的实验和理论研究表明,非对心重离子碰撞系统携带很大的初始角动量从而产生极强的流体涡旋场。这带来了涡旋场中的强作用物质性质的一系列重要问题,对它们的探索产生了许多新颖结果。特别是在强作用物质相变方面,基于转动参考系的热场计算得到了发展,并结合平均场近似对相关的手征相变、色超导相变、高同位旋下的超流相变等现象作了深入研究,发现了涡旋场对相边界的影响以及其所带来的丰富相结构。Understanding the phase structures of strong interaction matter is an active frontier in nuclear physics research currently,and it will provide crucial insights into heavy-ion collision experiments as well as neutron star observations.Most studies in this area focus on the influence of extremely high temperatures and baryon densities on matter properties,especially pertaining to phase transitions such as the chiral symmetry breaking and color superconductivity.Recent experimental and theoretical studies reported that in non-central heavy-ion collisions,systems carry a large initial angular momentum that becomes very strong vorticity fields in the bulk fluid.This has thus introduced several new questions regarding the properties of strong interaction matter under vorticity fields,and have led to many novel results.Thermal field theory calculations based on rotating frame and mean-field approximation have been developed to study various phase transitions under rotation,such as chiral symmetry breaking,color superconductivity and superfluidity at high isospin asymmetry.The results have demonstrated important impacts of vorticity fields on the phase boundaries of these transitions,and have also revealed nontrivial new phase structures of strong interaction matter under rotation.A new dimension of the usual QCD phase diagram has been unveiled.The study of rotation-induced phase transition extends phase transition research to a broader space.There remain more unexplored issues that merit further study.

关 键 词：相对论重离子碰撞 夸克胶子等离子体 流体涡旋 自旋极化 手征相变 色超导 

分 类 号：TL99[核科学技术—核技术及应用]