甘草带对棉田多异瓢虫种群发生与控害的调控功能  

Regulatory effects of Glycyrrhiza uralensis strips on population abundances and biocontrol function of Hippodamia variegata

作　　者：姜岩 宋冰梅 陈鑫 李号宾[1] 王冬梅[1] 阿克旦·吾外士[1] 潘洪生[1] Jiang Yan;Song Bingmei;Chen Xin;Li Haobin;Wang Dongmei;Ahtam Uwais;Pan Hongsheng(Institute of Plant Protection,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Xinjiang University/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering,Urumqi 830046,China;College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University/Engineering Research Center of Cotton,Ministry of Education,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院/新疆生物资源和基因工程重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830046 [3]新疆农业大学农学院/教育部棉花工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《棉花学报》2023年第1期39-50,共12页Cotton Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区科学基金(32060617);植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室开放基金(SKLOF202007);新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育专项(xjkcpy-2020004);新疆维吾尔自治区创新环境(人才、基地)建设专项“天山创新团队计划”(2020D14004)。

摘　　要：【目的】阐明田埂甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)种植带对棉田多异瓢虫(Hippodamia variegata)种群发生与控害能力的影响,为合理利用甘草带促进棉田蚜虫生物防治提供理论基础。【方法】在新疆库尔勒采用田间种群系统调查法研究甘草带及对照棉田(无甘草带)和距甘草带不同距离(1 m、5 m、10 m、20 m)棉花上蚜虫和多异瓢虫的种群动态,通过罩笼评估法评价甘草带对棉田蚜虫种群相对增长倍数和多异瓢虫控蚜功能的影响。【结果】6月上中旬,田埂甘草带上高密度的棉黑蚜(Aphis atrata)能够保育大量的多异瓢虫,是邻近棉田多异瓢虫种群的重要源库。6月下旬至7月中旬,多异瓢虫在棉田大量发生;6月中旬至7月下旬,距甘草带1 m、5 m、10 m、20 m的棉田中多异瓢虫与蚜虫的益害比均不同程度地高于对照棉田,其中6月17日距甘草带1 m处棉田益害比最高为2.502 9。罩笼天敌隔离处理研究发现,罩笼后7 d和14 d罩笼组棉花上蚜虫种群相对增长倍数均显著高于对应的非罩笼组;罩笼后14 d,田埂有甘草带棉田多异瓢虫对棉蚜的控害指数显著高于无甘草带棉田。【结论】田埂甘草带能有效增加棉田多异瓢虫种群数量并提高益害比,对棉田多异瓢虫的控蚜功能具有重要的调控作用。[Objective]This study aims to clarify the regulatory effects of Glycyrrhiza uralensis strips on population abundances and biocontrol function of Hippodamia variegata,so as to provide references for the rational use of G.uralensis strips to biologically control aphids(Aphis spp.)in cotton fields.[Method]Population abundances of aphids and H.variegata in cotton fields with G.uralensis strips and cotton fields without G.uralensis strips and cotton fields away from G.uralensis strips at different distances(1m,5m,10m,20m)were systematically investigated in Korla of Xinjiang,and the effects of G.uralensis strips on relative growth fold of aphids and biocontrol function of H.variegata were evaluated by using the caged-natural enemy exclusion method.[Result]The high density of Aphis atrata in the G.uralensis strips could conserve a large number of H.variegata in early to mid-June,which is an important source of H.variegata in adjacent cotton fields.A large number of H.variegata occurred in cotton fields from late-June to mid-July.And the ratios of H.variegata to aphids in cotton fields away from G.uralensis strips at 1 m,5 m,10 m and 20 m were to varying degrees higher than those of cotton fields without G.uralensis strips from mid-June to late-July.Among them,the ratio of H.variegata to aphids reached the highest(2.5029)in cotton fiaway from G. uralensis strips at 1 m on June 17. The relative population growth folds of aphids in the cages at 7 and 14 days post caging were significantly higher than those in the non-caged correspondingly. Biocontrol index of H. variegata to aphids in cotton fields with G. uralensis strips was significantly higher than that of cotton fields without G. uralensis strips at 14 days post caging. [Conclusion] The G. uralensis strips can effectively increase the population abundances of H. variegata and improve the ratio of H. variegata to aphids, which shows an important regulatory effect on biocontrol function of H. variegata to aphids in cotton fields.

关 键 词：多异瓢虫 甘草 蚜虫 棉田 生物控害 储蓄植物 

分 类 号：S435.622[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]