黑龙江省规模化牧场奶牛常见病调查分析  

Investigation and Analysis on the Occurrence of Common Diseases of Dairy Cows in Scale Pasture in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：王郅杰 白云龙[1] 夏成[1] 郑家三[1] 鲁文赓[1] 徐闯 WANG Zhi-jie;BAI Yun-long;XIA Cheng;ZHENG Jia-san;LU Wen-geng;XU Chuang(College of Animal Science and Technology,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163316;College of Veterinary Medicine,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学动物科技学院,大庆163316 [2]中国农业大学动物医学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2023年第4期27-32,共6页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-36)。

摘　　要：为了解2021年黑龙江省规模化牧场奶牛常见病的场间发病率和疾病分布情况,随机选择14个奶牛存栏千头以上的牧场进行了问卷调查。14个牧场总存栏为35269头,平均存栏2519头。牧场包括东部地区3个、哈绥地区5个、大庆地区3个和西部地区3个。调查内容包括内科病、外科病、产科病和传染病以及兽医面临的疾病难题。结果显示:14个牧场奶牛常见病有43种,东部地区场间平均发病率最高(9.77%),哈绥地区疾病分布最广(50%);传染病场间平均发病率最高(10.30%),内科病分布最广(51.25%);犊牛场间平均发病率最高(11.77%),成母牛疾病分布最广(68.75%)。兽医面临难题有35条,其中乳房炎最为突出,与诊疗手段落后、疾病检测不足等有关。因此,黑龙江省规模化牧场应加强与科研院校合作,查明奶牛常见病的病因,制定相应的整体防治策略和具体措施,提升疾病防控的整体能力,以保证牧场健康生产。To understand the incidence and distribution of cattle common diseases in large-scale farms of Heilongjiang Province in 2021,14 farms with more than 1000 heads were randomly selected for this questionnaire survey,with a total number of 35269 heads and an average number of 2519 heads.There are 3 farms in Eastern,5 in Hasui,3 in Daqing and 3 in Western.The survey covered internal medical,surgical,obstetric and infectious diseases,as well as problems faced by veterinarians.The results showed that there were 43 kinds of common diseases from 14 cattle farms,with the highest incidence(9.77%)in eastern and the widest distribution(50%)in Hasui.Infectious diseases had the highest incidence(10.30%),and internal medical diseases had the widest distribution(51.25%).The highest incidence rate was in calves(11.77%)and the widest distribution was in cows(68.75%).There are 35 problems faced by veterinarians,among which mastitis is the most prominent,which is related to backward means of diagnosis and treatment,and the inadequate detection of diseases,etc.Therefore,large-scale cattle ranching in Heilongjiang province should strengthen cooperation with scientific research institutions to find out the causes of cattle common diseases,formulate corresponding overall prevention and control strategies and specific measures,and improve the overall ability of disease prevention and control,so as to ensure the healthy production of cattle ranching.

关 键 词：奶牛 规模化牧场 疾病 调查 

分 类 号：S858.23[农业科学—临床兽医学]