压力容器筒体在计及轴向力或弯矩作用下开孔补强方法  

Design methods for opening reinforcement at cylinders considering axial force or bending moment

作　　者：朱国栋[1] ZHU Guodong(Key Laboratory of Special Equipment Safety and Energy-saving for State Market Regulation,China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]国家市场监管重点实验室(特种设备与安全),中国特种设备检测研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《压力容器》2023年第2期35-45,共11页Pressure Vessel Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0808805,2022YFC3004503);中国特种设备检测研究院二级学科项目(2021XKTD003)。

摘　　要：介绍了国内外标准中圆筒体常见开孔补强方法、补强原则和存在问题。基于大平板开小孔应力集中原理和开孔接管数值模拟,分析了筒体在不同方向应力比对开孔补强处应力集中的影响,发现了筒体应力比与应力集中系数的线性化规律。指出当前标准中计算方法基于纯内压工况,而实际中筒体会在弯矩或轴向力作用下改变筒体应力比,与内压下应力集中情况并不相同,如果不对现有方法进行修正,会带来安全风险和不合理设计。基于研究,提出基本解决思路、标准修订建议和适用于开孔率ρ≤0.2时的计算方法,并阐述了塔器、覆土式储存容器以及管壳式热交换器壳程等圆筒体在弯矩或者轴向力组合作用下开孔补强工程设计建议。The common opening reinforcement methods of cylinders,reinforcement principles and existing problems in domestic and foreign standards were introduced.The effects of cylinder′s stress ratios on the stress concentration at the opening reinforcement in different directions were analyzed based on hole-in plate stress concentration theory and opening nozzle numerical simulation,and the linear rules of stress ratio and stress concentration factor of the cylinder were found.It is pointed out that the calculation methods in current standards are based on pure internal pressure condition,while in practice the stress ratios of cylinder would change under the action of bending moment or axial force,they would be different from the case of stress concentration under internal pressure,if they are not corrected,they would bring safety risk or unreasonable design.Based on the above study,the basic solutions,advices on code revision and calculation method with opening ratioρ≤0.2 were put forward for opening reinforcement at cylinders.Meanwhile,suggestions on opening reinforcement for towers,mounded steel storage vessels and shell-tube heat exchangers under combined action of loads including bending moments,axial forces and inner pressure were described in engineering design.

关 键 词：压力容器 开孔补强 计算方法 轴向力 弯矩 

分 类 号：TH49[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH123