橡胶-萝芙木-肉桂复合林的植物生长及其生物量动态  

Dynamics of growth and biomass of the rubber-Rauvolfia vomitoria-Cinnamomum cassia mixed stand

作　　者：王文 黄国良 任燕 刘成刚[1] 金艳强 刘长安[1] 唐建维[1] WANG Wen;HUANG Guoliang;REN Yan;LIU Chenggang;JIN Yanqiang;LIU Chang’an;TANG Jianwei(Key Lab.of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use and Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Mengla 666303,Yunnan,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Menglun Nature Reserve Service,Xishuangbanna Bureau of National Nature Reserve,Menglun 666303,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带植物资源可持续利用重点实验室,云南勐腊666303 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]西双版纳国家级自然保护区管理局勐仑管护所,云南勐腊666303

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2023年第3期116-126,共11页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：中国科学院重点部署项目(KFZD-SW-312);云南省应用基础研究计划重点项目(2016FA047);西双版纳州科学技术局项目(200915;YX201102)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明橡胶-萝芙木-肉桂复合林与同龄橡胶纯林的植物生长与生物量动态及其差异,为橡胶复合林合理的结构组建以及环境友好型橡胶园的建设和热带退化山地的恢复与可持续利用提供依据。【方法】在16年生橡胶林按行距2 m×2 m的规格种植2行萝芙木和1行肉桂构建了橡胶-萝芙木-肉桂复合林,在同一坡面的橡胶复合林和橡胶纯林的上、中、下三个地段分别建立3块长期定位观测样地,自2010—2018年每隔2年对橡胶-萝芙木-肉桂复合林与橡胶纯林样地中植物的基径、胸径、高度等因子进行了定期观测。根据野外观测数据计算了两种不同林分中橡胶、萝芙木和肉桂的高度、胸径和基径年均生长量。同时采用已建立的橡胶、萝芙木、肉桂的生物量回归方程估算了两种林分的生物量,并对其组成、生物量动态与分配特征及林分的年净生产量进行了分析。【结果】复合林中橡胶的年均胸径生长量和年均高度生长量均稍大于橡胶纯林,其生物量(113.20 t·hm^(-2))为橡胶纯林的1.06倍(P>0.05);萝芙木的年均胸径生长量和年均高度生长量随种植时间而逐渐减少,其生物量则随种植时间而增加,从0.21 t·hm^(-2)增长到2.91 t·hm^(-2);肉桂的年均胸径生长自种植6年后呈现下降趋势,年均高度生长和生物量则随种植时间而增长,其生物量从0.27 t·hm^(-2)增长到0.47 t·hm^(-2)。橡胶复合林的总生物量(116.58 t·hm^(-2))也稍大于橡胶纯林,是橡胶纯林的1.1倍(P>0.05),但两个不同林分生物量的器官分配比例均为:茎>根>枝>叶。随着林龄的增加,复合林及橡胶纯林的总生物量均呈增长趋势,但复合林的年均净生产量是橡胶纯林的1.26倍(P<0.05)。【结论】橡胶林的复合种植有利于橡胶树的生长,橡胶复合林比橡胶纯林具有更大的生物量积累、更高的年均净生产量及更快的生物量积累速率。【Objective】This study aimed to determine the dynamics and differences of the plant growth and biomass between the rubber(Hevea brasiliensis)-Rauvolfia vomitoria-Cinnamomum cassia mixed stand and rubber pure plantation of the same age,so as to provide a scientific basis for the reasonable structure construction of rubber mixed stands and the development of environmentfriendly rubber plantation as well as the restoration and sustainable utilization of tropical degraded mountains.【Method】Two rows of R.vomitoria and one row of C.cassia were planted at 2.0 m×2.0 m in the 16-year-old rubber plantation to construct the rubber mixed stand.Three replicated long-term monitoring plots were established in the upper,middle,and low sections on the same slope in the rubber mixed stand(RM)and the rubber pure plantation(CK).The height(H),diameter at breast height(D),and basal diameter(BD)of plants in each plot of the two different stands were regularly observed every two years from 2010 to 2018.The average annual growth of H,D and BD of rubber,R.vomitoria and C.cassia was calculated based on the field data.The biomass of the two stands was calculated by using the established biomass models of the three plants.Furthermore,the composition,biomass dynamics and distribution characteristics,and the annual net production of the two stands were analyzed.【Result】The growth of D and H of the rubber plants in the rubber mixed stand was slightly higher than that in the rubber pure plantation,and its biomass(113.20 t·hm-2)was 1.06 times that of the rubber pure plantation(P>0.05).The average annual growth of BD and H of R.vomitoria declined with planting time,while the biomass of R.vomitoria increased from 0.21 to 2.91 t·hm-2 from 2012 to 2018.However,the average annual growth of BD of C.cassia decreased after 6 years of planting,and its average annual growth of H and biomass increased with planting time,while the biomass increased from 0.27 to 0.47 t·hm-2 from 2012 to 2018.In terms of the biomass of the two stands,the biomass

关 键 词：橡胶 肉桂 萝芙木 生长量 生物量 净生产量 复合林 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]