乡村生物多样性——变化、维持机制及保护策略  

Rural Biodiversity:Change,Maintenance Mechanism and Conservation Strategy

作　　者：向羚丰 袁嘉[1,2,3] 李祖慧 袁兴中 XIANG Lingfeng;YUAN Jia;LI Zuhui;YUAN Xingzhong(Chongqing University;the Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area;the Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Control of Water Level Fluctuation Zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,Chongqing University)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学建筑城规学院 [2]重庆大学山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室 [3]重庆大学三峡库区消落区生态修复与治理研究中心

出　　处：《风景园林》2023年第4期10-17,共8页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“乡村景观中小微湿地网络及其调控机理研究”(编号52178031);国家自然科学基金重点项目“宜居城乡景观生态规划理论与方法——以西南山地为例”(编号52238003)。

摘　　要：【目的】生物多样性是乡村景观的重要生态基础,无论是在乡村自然景观、生产景观,还是在乡村聚落景观中,生物多样性都是非常重要的组成要素,发挥着重要的生态服务功能。乡村生物多样性的概念、变化、维持机制及保护策略亟待研究。【方法】通过综述国内外乡村生物多样性研究现状及发展趋势,阐述乡村生物多样性概念构架,探讨乡村生物多样性现状及特征,分析乡村生物多样性变化趋势及其影响因子。【结果】乡村生物多样性维持机制既包括由非生物因子调节和生物因子调节的自然机制,也包括人与自然的协同调节机制。【结论】提出乡村生物多样性保护的创新策略,并以重庆梁平区印屏村为例,进行乡村景观营建及生物多样性保育的案例分析。最后,对乡村生物多样性保护的未来发展趋势进行展望,提出乡村生物多样性研究的发展方向和重点研究内容。[Objective]Biodiversity is an important ecological basis of rural landscape,and it plays an important role in providing vital ecological services in rural natural landscape,productive landscape and rural settlement landscape.With the intensification of human activities,rural biodiversity is being lost at an unprecedented speed.However,there is little concern about the connotation,characteristics and maintenance mechanism of rural biodiversity.The changing trend of rural biodiversity under the influence of global change is not completely clear,and there is a lack of protection strategy,design technology and restoration practice for rural biodiversity in response to environmental change.To better protect rural biodiversity,it is urgent to carry out in-depth research.[Methods]This research adopts a comprehensive research method based on literature review and theoretical discussion,aiming to,in combination with relevant experience accumulated through intensive rural field investigations and case studies,put forward new academic views and construct conservation strategies for rural biodiversity.[Results]1)Rural biodiversity reflects the diversity of the ecological complexes composed of diverse biological species and their habitats in rural areas,including species diversity,genetic diversity and habitat diversity.2)Rural biodiversity has obvious characteristics in genetic diversity,species diversity,habitat diversity and ecosystem diversity.3)In the context of global change,rural areas are under constant natural and artificial disturbances,leading to the continuous decline of rural biodiversity,especially the agricultural biodiversity,which has become the focus of global biodiversity decline.The impact factors include land use intensification and simplification,habitat fragmentation and loss,heavy use of pesticides and fertilizers,agricultural and forestry management policies,as well as global climate change.4)The natural mechanism of rural biodiversity maintenance includes abiotic and biotic regulation.Abiotic regulat

关 键 词：乡村景观 乡村生物多样性 协同共生 乡村生境网络 规划设计 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]