乡村人工林下草本植物对节肢动物多样性的影响  

Effects of Understory Herbs on Arthropod Diversity in Rural Plantation Forests

作　　者：李朋瑶 段美春 宇振荣[3] LI Pengyao;DUAN Meichun;YU Zhenrong(School of Architecture,Southwest Minzu University;College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Southwest University;College of Resources and Environment,China Agricultural University)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学建筑学院 [2]西南大学农学与生物科技学院 [3]中国农业大学资源与环境学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2023年第4期43-49,共7页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：四川省自然科学基金“农田景观田块大小对蜘蛛多样性及其对稻飞虱生物控制的影响”(编号2022NSFSC1757);国家自然科学基金“农业景观变化对生物多样性及生态服务功能影响机制研究”(编号41671181)。

摘　　要：【目的】造林工程是一种解决环境问题的重要方法,已在中国乃至全球范围内乡村地区广泛实施。人工林树种单一化对生物多样性的负面影响一直备受热议,而林下草本植物与其他类群多样性的关系也亟待探索。【方法】在北京乡村平原造林区调查人工林中的植物及3类与乡村、农业相关的节肢动物功能群(传粉昆虫野生蜂、自然天敌地表蜘蛛与步甲)的数量和多样性,分析草本植物对这3类节肢动物多样性的影响。【结果】12个随机选取的人工林中8个为纯林,其余为有2~4种树种的简单混交林,树种单一化现象普遍。林下草本植物丰富度与野生蜂多度、步甲物种丰富度显著正相关,草本植物盖度与步甲多度、物种丰富度显著正相关。【结论】在树种单一化的人工林中,可以通过维护和提高林下草本植物多样性,加强乡村人工林的生物多样性保护作用与生态系统服务功能。[Objective]As an important tool to solve environmental problems,afforestation has been widely implemented globally,especially in rural areas.China has the largest area of plantation forests in the world,about 80.3 million hectares,equivalent to 36.3%of the total forest area in China.These plantation forests have been proven effective in preventing soil erosion,controlling sandstorms,and improving air quality.However,due to the insufficient consideration of biodiversity conservation,the tree species are generally monoculture in plantation forests.Many studies have compared pure,mixed and natural forests.Their results show that monoculture plantation forests can negatively affect biodiversity.These studies mainly focus on the effects of woody plants.Rich herbaceous plants can improve soil condition and microclimate,and furthermore,can provide habitat,shelter,breeding places and food resources for other groups of wild species.However,the relationship between understory herbs and the diversity of other groups has yet to be well understood.Beijing,the capital of China,started a plain afforestation project in 2012.By the end of 2022,two rounds of this project had been completed.A total of 146 thousand hectares of forest was planted in this process,nearly tripling the forest coverage in Beijing plain area.Due to the heavy workload and tight schedule,the plantation forests involved in this project are empirically thought to be monoculture in both tree species and structure,and thus fail to benefit biodiversity.However,experimental verification still needs to be conducted.In rural areas,arthropods such as wild bees,spiders and carabid beetles are critical functional groups because they provide pollination or pest control services necessary for agriculture.This study investigated plants and the aforesaid three arthropod groups in plantation forests in the rural plain area of Beijing.We analyzed the response of abundance and species richness of the three arthropod groups toward understory herb cover and richness.This study

关 键 词：乡村 生物多样性 传粉昆虫 自然天敌 平原造林工程 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]