北京市郊铁路对乡村地区鸟类栖息地连通性的影响及优化  

Influence of Beijing Suburban Railway on Bird Habitat Connectivity in Rural Areas and Optimization Thereof

作　　者：孙喆 陆诗韵 SUN Zhe;LU Shiyun(School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2023年第4期50-57,共8页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(编号52008016);北京建筑大学研究生创新项目资助(编号PG2023024);北京市属高校教师队伍建设支持计划优秀青年人才培育计划项目(编号BPHR202203082)。

摘　　要：【目的】乡村地区是城市发展的依托基底和腹地空间,是国土生态安全的重要基础,探究线性工程项目对乡村地区生物栖息地的影响对中国生态文明建设具有重要意义。【方法】基于物种分布模型模拟北京乡村地区鸟类潜在适宜性生境,在分析栖息地连通性的基础上对市郊铁路的规划方案开展情景模拟并提出优化策略。【结果】1)北京乡村地区鸟类生境斑块主要分布在水体及附近,整体连通性水平较低且不均匀,南部鸟类迁徙路径受市郊铁路阻隔较严重,发生廊道断裂后栖息地连通性降低;2)依据模拟结果,提出分级保护生态廊道和激活生态源地生态效益,增加生态节点以提高生态网络连通性整体水平,优化生态断裂点并设缓冲区和回避距离的优化策略。【结论】北京市郊铁路降低了乡村地区鸟类栖息地连通性,由此提出综合性优化措施,以缓解相关负面生态效应,为生态文明建设和乡村振兴战略实施提供参考。[Objective]Rural areas serve as the base and hinterland space for urban development,the important foundation for homeland ecological security,and the key region for ecological civilization construction.However,in urban and rural construction,many linear projects pass through the city and split the countryside,bringing severe challenges to rural ecological security,and resulting in the rapid decline of biological habitat connectivity and the decline of biodiversity in rural areas.It is of great significance to pay attention to the influence of the construction of suburban railway in typical linear projects on bird habitat connectivity in rural areas.[Methods]Firstly,this research adopts the species distribution model to simulate the habitats potentially suitable for birds in rural areas of Beijing and the suitability index thereof,and accordingly obtains the suitable habitat patches.Secondly,the research adopts the Conefor 2.6 software to analyze habitat connectivity through such indicators as probability of connectivity(PC),integral index of connectivity(IIC)and number of links(NL).Then,the research conducts a scenario simulation in combination with the planning scheme for Beijing Suburban Railway,based on which the following four scenarios are set up:ideal scenario(S0),preliminary construction(S1),partial completion(S2),and full completion(S3).Finally,the research analyzes the influence of linear projects on bird habitat connectivity with the help of the SDMtoolbox,quantifies the connectivity of ecological sources and ecological corridors as well as the complexity and ecological efficiency of the ecological network by virtue of relevant ecological network structure indices,and accordingly puts forward suggestions for optimization.[Results]Research results are as follows.1)The distribution of suitable habitats for birds in the research area obviously presents the following characteristic:The habitat distribution suitability index is the highest for such habitats as reservoirs,watercourses and their adjacent wetla

关 键 词：风景园林 生物多样性 景观连通性 市郊铁路 北京乡村地区 最小成本路径法 

分 类 号：TU98[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]