皇统党狱与金朝官制  

The Case of Imprisoning Partisans in the Period of Huangtong and the Bureaucratic System of the Jin Dynasty

作　　者：田晓雷 Tian Xiaolei

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学巴蜀文化研究中心、历史文化与旅游学院,四川成都610066

出　　处：《史学月刊》2023年第4期35-45,共11页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“辽金中枢政务运作体制研究”(21CZS017)。

摘　　要：在金朝官制建设中,存在着适应统治需要“自下而上”和为实现整齐划一、加强君主集权的“自上而下”的两种制度构建路径。皇统党狱是这两种路径下政治行为矛盾的集中爆发。皇统七年田瑴等人在龚夷鉴覃恩中的舞弊,说明吏部等机构垄断了基层政务信息,并借此掌握了此类政务的最终决策权。这影响到皇帝的威权,加之敌对派系的构陷,最终酿成“皇统党狱”。此后,金朝官制建设多采取“自下而上”的路径,虽偶有“自上而下”的做法,但也是根据现实统治需要所做的调整。金朝以“自下而上”为主的官制构建路径,使得职官架构虽模仿唐宋制度,但机构、职官则往往因事、因时而设,并造成了史籍对于职官、机构缺载等衍生现象。In the bureaucratic system construction of the Jin dynasty, there existed a“bottom-up”system construction path to adapt to the needs of governance as well as a“top-down”system construction path to achieve uniformity and strengthen the centralization of sovereign power.The case of Imprisoning Partisans in the Period of Huangtong was the concentrated outbreak of the contradictions of political behaviors under these two paths.In the seventh year of Huangtong(the year 1147),the fraud of Tian Jue, the departed deputy minister of the Ministry of Personnel, and others in Gong Yijian Tanen reflects that the Ministry of Personnel and other institutions had controlled the actual decision-making power by virtue of the monopoly on personnel information at the grass-roots.This threatened the rule of the emperor, and the collapse of the rival factions eventually led to the case of Imprisoning Partisans in the Period of Huangtong.Since then, the bureaucratic system construction of Jin took the path of“bottom-up”.Even if there was“top-down”system construction on occasion, it was still a kind of adjustment based on the actual ruling needs.The bureaucratic system construction path of the Jin dynasty, which was dominated by the“bottom-up”path, enabled that despite the imitation of its official structure from the system of Tang and Song, institutions and official positions were often set up according to the needs of events and times.It also gave rise to the derivative phenomena such as lack of historical records on its officials and institutions.

关 键 词：皇统党狱 田瑴 金熙宗 金朝官制 

分 类 号：K246.4[历史地理—历史学]