从“买办”到“儒商”——晚清商人陈次壬的身份转换与阶层融入  

From “Comprador” to “Confucian Businessman”:Identity Transformation and Class Integration of Chen Ciren,a Merchant in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：钟元泽 Zhong Yuanze

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学中国近代史研究所,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《史学月刊》2023年第4期46-57,共12页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费资助创新项目“行政归属与地域认同:‘南路’与民国广东分区问题研究”(2020CXZZ055)。

摘　　要：作为晚清新兴的社会阶层,买办背负着负面的社会形象,影响了其进一步发展。因此,身份淡化和转换成为买办超越污名化处境的策略之一。买办陈次壬是其中的突出例子,其通过诗词酬唱、从事慈善和搜救古籍等符合传统价值观的文化和社会活动,融入晚清文人士大夫这一精英群体,并获得了他们的接纳和认可,淡化了其买办身份带来的负面影响,成为文人笔下的“儒商”,甚至在其身故后得以入选方志善行列传,成功扭转了被污名化的结局。陈次壬对自身传统文化修养的积累、经营和运用过程,是通过文化资本向社会资本转化并扭转社会评价的一次有效实践。从这个意义上说,晚清非科途出身群体运用传统文化修养的动机、逻辑及机制不啻为晚清绅商研究的又一视角。As an emerging social class in the late Qing dynasty, compradors had a negative social image, which directly affected their further development.Thus, identity desalination and transformation became one of the strategies for compradors to eliminate the stigma.Chen Ciren, one of the compradors, was a prominent example.He integrated into the elite group of literati and bureaucrats in the late Qing dynasty and was accepted and recognized by them through cultural and social actions conforming to traditional values, including responding to a poem with a poem, charity, and the search and rescue of ancient books.As a result, he reduced the negative impact of his comprador status and became a “Confucian businessman” in the works of literati.After he died, he was even included in the local biography of good deeds, and successfully reversed the outcome of being stigmatized.Chen Ciren’s accumulation, management, and utilization of his traditional cultural accomplishment were an effective practice of reversing social evaluation through the conversion of cultural capital into social capital.In this sense, the motivation, logic, and mechanism of the use of traditional cultural accomplishment by groups who did not become officials through imperial examinations in the late Qing dynasty provide us with another perspective in the research on gentry-merchants in the late Qing dynasty.

关 键 词：陈次壬 买办 文化资本 绅商对流 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]