北京典型矿区重金属污染土壤的植物修复能力研究  

Study on Phytoremediation Ability of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils in Beijing Typical Mining Areas

作　　者：姜昱聪 赵云峰 张涛 田志君 韩娟娟 JIANG Yu-cong;ZHAO Yun-feng;ZHANG Tao(Beijing Institute of Mineral Resources and Geology,Beijing 101520)

机构地区：[1]北京市矿产地质研究所,北京101520

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第7期56-63,共8页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：北京市地质矿产勘查院专项经费(PXM2020_158303_000003)。

摘　　要：为寻找适用于北京周边矿区土壤重金属污染积累能力较强的植物,在北京周边典型金矿、铁矿、铜矿采集重金属污染土壤后,选用12种各矿区常见的草本植物和4种常见蔬菜进行室外模拟种植,分析其中长势较好的6种草本植物和4种蔬菜,结果表明,铜矿以Cu、As、Cd污染为主;金矿污染以Cd、Pb污染为主;铁矿以Cu污染为主。植物修复后,3类矿区土壤中重金属Cd、Hg、Cu、Pb、Cr、Zn、As的含量分别降低了8.31%、7.72%、7.28%、4.87%、4.55%、4.21%、3.31%。印度芥菜、黑麦草、龙葵和苍耳等草本植物及番茄、小白菜、辣椒和小葱4种蔬菜均能够适应金矿、铁矿和铜矿3类矿山土壤环境。印度芥菜和龙葵属于富集型植物,对多种重金属的富集和转运系数均大于1,可作为优势植物分别用于北京周边金矿和铁矿污染土壤修复;黑麦草、地肤和苍耳属于根部囤积型植物,对部分重金属的富集系数大于1,转运系数小于1,可根据需要作为北京周边金矿和铜矿污染土壤植物修复备选物种;番茄、小白菜、辣椒、小葱4类蔬菜对矿山土壤重金属的富集和转运能力较强,矿山恢复早期不宜种植,以免矿物重金属通过食物链累积并危害人体健康。In order to search for plants suitable for remediation of heavy metal pollution in soils of mining areas around Beijing,soils which contaminated by heavy metal were collected from typical gold mines,iron mines and copper mines around Beijing,and selected 12 kinds of common herbaceous plants and 4 kinds of common vegetables in mining areas for outdoor simulated planting,and 6 kinds of herbs and 4 kinds of vegetables with good growth were analyzed.The results showed that copper mine was mainly polluted by Cu,As and Cd;gold mine was mainly polluted by Cd and Pb;iron mine was mainly polluted by Cu.The contents of heavy metals Cd,Hg,Cu,Pb,Cr,Zn and As in the soil of the three types of mining areas after phytoremediation were decreased by 8.31%,7.72%,7.28%,4.87%,4.55%,4.21%and 3.31%.Brassica juncea,Lolium perenne,Solanum nigrum and Xanthium sibiricum and other herbs as well as Lycopersicon esculenyum,Brassica chinensis,Capsicum spp.and Allium ascalonicum could adapt to the soil environment of gold mine,iron mine and copper mine.Brassica juncea and Solanum nigrum were enrichment plants with enrichment and transport coefficients of heavy metals greater than 1,which could be used as the dominant plant species for remediation of contaminated soil of gold mine and iron mine,respectively.Lolium perenne,Kochia scoparia and Xanthium sibiricum were root-hoarding plants with enrichment coefficient greater than 1 and transport coefficient less than 1 for some heavy metals,which could be used as candidate plants for remediation of contaminated soil of gold and copper mines around Beijing.Lycopersicon esculenyum,Brassica chinensis,Capsicum spp.and Allium ascalonicum had a strong ability to enrich and transport heavy metals in the soil of the mine,so they were not suitable to be planted in the early stage of mine recovery to avoid the accumulation of mineral heavy metals through the food chain and endangering human health.

关 键 词：重金属 植物修复 富集 转运 北京矿区 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]