2种养殖模式下植物浮床对养殖水体的净化效果  

Purification Effect of Plant Floating Beds on Aquaculture Water Body under Two Kinds of Culture Patterns

作　　者：刘超 孙鲁峰 杜兴华 董贯仓 冷春梅 李壮 LIU Chao;SUN Lu-feng;DU Xing-hua(Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic Breeding/Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Huang River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jinan,Shandong 250113)

机构地区：[1]山东省淡水渔业研究院/山东省淡水水产遗传育种重点实验室/农业农村部黄河下游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,山东济南250113

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第7期95-98,109,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019YY008);山东省重点研发计划项目(2019GSF109111);山东省鱼类产业技术体系环境调控岗基金资助项目(SDAIT-12-07)。

摘　　要：在主养草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella),套养少量鲤鱼(Cyprinu carpio)、鲢鱼(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)和鳙鱼(Aristichthys nobilis)的池塘(面积0.67 hm^(2))以及主养加州鲈(Micropterus salmoides)、套养少量鲢鱼和鳙鱼的相同面积池塘中,分别设置4.0 m×4.0 m×2.5 m的聚乙烯编织布围隔,围隔内设置水葫芦(Eichhornia crassipes)浮床(SH)和空心菜(Ipomoea aquatica Forsk)浮床(KC)及对照(T),研究水葫芦和空心菜对主养草鱼和加州鲈池塘水体的净化效果。结果发现:水葫芦和空心菜对不同渔业模式养殖水体均有较好的净化作用。草鱼池塘中植物浮床对氨氮、亚硝态氮和总氮(TN)的最大去除率平均值分别为75.00%、47.93%和38.34%,但对总磷(TP)无去除效果。加州鲈池塘中植物浮床对氨氮、亚硝态氮和TN的最大去除率平均值分别为95.73%、80.00%和21.74%。不同植物对不同渔业模式下的水质净化效果存在一定差异。草鱼池塘中水葫芦对氨氮的去除效果比空心菜更好,而对TN的去除效果较差。加州鲈池塘中水葫芦对亚硝态氮和TN的去除效果较空心菜更差。不同养殖模式下的水质状况及其变化趋势不同,而不同水生植物的生长特点及人为管护措施均可能影响水质净化效果,故应依据养殖生产需求选择适宜的水生植物种类及管护措施。In the culture ponds,4.0 m×4.0 m×2.5 m polyethylene woven cloth enclosures were set up,respectively in the pond(0.67 hm^(2))with the main species of Ctenopharyngodon idella and a small amount of Cyprinu carpio,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis,and the pond(0.67 hm^(2))with the main species of Micropterus salmoides and a small amount of H.molitrix and A.nobilis.In the enclosures,Eichhornia crassipes floating bed(SH)and Ipomoea aquatica Forsk floating bed(KC)were set up,respectively,and a blank control(T)were set up.The purification effects of E.crassipes and I.aquatica Forsk on the water body of culture pond with C.idella as main species and M.salmoides as main species were investigated.The research results showed that E.crassipes and I.aquatica Forsk had a good purification effect on water bodies of different aquaculture models.The maximum removal rate average of plants on ammonia nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen and TN in the culture ponds of C.idella were 75.00%,47.93%and 38.34%respectively,but they had no removal effect.The maximum removal rate average of plants on ammonia nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen and TN in the culture ponds of M.salmoides were 95.73%,80.00%and 21.74%respectively.The water purification effect with different plants under different culture models had some differences.The removal effect of E.crassipes on ammonia nitrogen in the culture pond of C.idella was better than that of I.aquatica Forsk,the removal effect on TN was worse.The removal effect of E.crassipes on nitrite nitrogen and TN in the culture ponds of M.salmoides was worse than that of I.aquatica Forsk.The water quality and its change trend were different in different culture models were different,and the growth characteristics of different aquatic plants and man-made management and protection measures might affect the purification effect.Therefore,appropriate species of aquatic plant and management and protection measures should be selected according to the demands of fishery production.

关 键 词：生物浮床 营养盐 淡水池塘养殖 

分 类 号：S949[农业科学—水产养殖]