4种忍冬属植物花粉形态的数量分类及其活力比较研究  

Numerical Taxonomy of Pollen Grain Morphology and Comparsion of Pollen Grain Viability in Four Species of Lonicera Linn.

作　　者：陈燕[1,2] 曹颖 刘恒星[1,2] 刘东焕 CHEN Yan;CAO Ying;LIU Heng-xing(Beijing Botanical Garden/Beijing Floriculture Engineering Technology Research Centre,Beijing 100093;Beijing Laborary of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]北京市植物园管理处/北京市花卉园艺工程技术研究中心,北京100093 [2]城乡生态环境北京实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第7期116-121,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：北京市科技计划课题项目“基于改善本地生态功能的植物引进、筛选、培育研究及示范”(D171100007117002)。

摘　　要：[目的]了解忍冬属物种的亲缘关系及花粉可育性,为忍冬分类和杂交育种工作提供科学依据。[方法]采集4种忍冬属植物新鲜花粉,分别进行花粉形态的扫描电镜观测及不同温度处理下花粉离体萌发的活力检测,并进行数据分析。[结果]忍冬属花粉均为球形或近球形(1.10≤P/E≤1.15),中等或大花粉,3或4环状萌发孔沟,外壁纹饰为较为粗糙的刺突。聚类分析表明,新疆忍冬与刚毛忍冬的关系最近,金银花与贯月忍冬在欧式距离12处聚为一类。新疆忍冬的花粉活力最强,达到56.04%,刚毛忍冬在各种温度处理下花粉活力相对较低,仅为15.23%,2种藤本忍冬花粉活力居中,为40%~50%。新疆忍冬和刚毛忍冬的花粉在中温环境下萌发最好,贯月忍冬和金银花的花粉在高温环境中更易萌发。[结论]花粉形态的数量分类结果与现行忍冬属植物分类系统大致吻合,可以指导杂交育种工作、花粉活力强的物种可作为杂交授粉的父本。[Objective]In order to understand the genetic relationships and pollen fertility of Lonicera,as well as to provide references for classification and cross breeding.[Method]Fresh pollens of four species in Lonicera were collected respectively.The pollen morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and pollen germination in vitro was detected under different temperature treatments,then data were analyzed.[Result]The results showed that the pollen grains of all Lonicera were spheroidal shape(1.10≤P/E≤1.15),medium or large size with tricolporate or tetracolporate,and extine ornamentation was scabrous echinate.L.tatarica and L.hispida had closest relationship,L.japonica and L.sempervirens were clustered together when Euclidean distance was 12.The highest pollen germination rate was found in L.tatarica(56.04%),whereas the pollen of L.hispida had the lowest viability(15.23%),the pollen germination rates of two climbing honeysuckles were on average 40%-50%.Pollens of L.tatarica and L.hispida had best germination rate under medium temperature treatment,while L.japonica and L.sempervirens had optimum pollen germination rates under high temperature treatment.[Conclusion]The genetic relationships of Lonicera based on pollen morphology were roughly consistent with the current classification system of Lonicera,which can guide cross breeding of this genus.Species with high pollen viability can be served as pollen donors for cross breeding.

关 键 词：忍冬属 花粉形态 花粉活力 亲缘关系 杂交 

分 类 号：S567.79[农业科学—中草药栽培]