不同夏玉米品种冠层光分布和干物质转运的变化特征研究  

Variation Characteristics of Canopy Light Distribution and Dry Matter Transport in Different Summer Maize Varieties

作　　者：郭海斌 张军刚 王文文 许波 王成业 GUO Haibin;ZHANG Jungang;WANG Wenwen;XU Bo;WANG Chengye(Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Science,Zhumadian Comprehensive Experimental Station,Henan Maize Industriy Technology System,Zhumadian,Henan 463000,China;Pingyu Agricultural Science and Technology Experimental Station,Pingyu,Henan 463400,China)

机构地区：[1]驻马店市农业科学院/河南玉米产业技术体系驻马店综合试验站,河南驻马店463000 [2]平舆县农业科学技术试验站,河南平舆463400

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2023年第3期6-12,69,共8页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省现代玉米产业技术体系驻马店综合试验站建设项目(Z2019-02-04)。

摘　　要：以宜机收玉米品种迪卡517、普通玉米品种郑单958为材料,设60000株/hm^(2)、75000株/hm^(2)、90000株/hm^(2)3个种植密度,通过2020、2021两年的田间试验,研究了两品种群体冠层不同层次光分布和干物质转运的变化特征。结果表明,在3个种植密度下,迪卡517的透光率、干物质转运量、干物质转移率、干物质对籽粒的贡献率、有效穗数、穗粒数均高于郑单958,迪卡517的叶面积指数、花后干物质积累量和千粒重低于郑单958。在75000株/hm^(2)、90000株/hm^(2)种植密度下,迪卡517的花后干物质积累率和籽粒产量高于郑单958。迪卡517在90000株/hm^(2)密度下产量最高,郑单958在75000株/hm^(2)密度下产量达到最大。由此可见,宜机收玉米品种迪卡517冠层光分布合理,干物质转运和分配特性较好,耐密性较强,高密度下易获得高产。Maize‘Dika 517’suitable for machine-harvesting and common maize‘Zhengdan 958’were used as materials,the three different densities including 60,000,75,000 and 90,000 plants/hm^(2)were set,the light distribution at different layers of canopy and dry matter transport of summer maize varieties were studied through field experiment dure 2020 and 2021 The results showed that under three planting densities,the light transmittance,dry matter transport capacity,dry matter transfer rate,contribution rate of dry matter to grain,number of effective panicles and number of grains per panicle of‘Dika 517’were higher than those of‘Zhengdan 958’,and the leaf area index,dry matter accumulation after anthesis and 1000 grain weight of‘Dika 517’were lower than those of‘Zhengdan 958’.Under the planting densities of 75,000 plant/hm^(2)and 90,000 plants/hm^(2),the dry matter accumulation rate after anthesis and grain yield of‘Dika 517’were higher than those of‘Zhengdan 958.’‘Dika 517’had the highest yield under the planting density of 90,000 plants/hm^(2),and‘Zhengdan 958’had the highest yield under the planting density of 75,000 plants/hm^(2).Therefore,‘Dika 517’has reasonable canopy light distribution,good dry matter transport and distribution characteristics,strong density tolerance,and is easy to obtain high yield under high density.

关 键 词：夏玉米 冠层透光率 干物质转运 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]