苹果砧木富平楸子嫁接高度对抗旱性的影响  

Effect of Grafting Height on Drought Resistence of Apple Rootstock Malus prunifolia

作　　者：高梦澜 马锋旺[1] GAO Menglan;MA Fengwang(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712000

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2023年第3期28-34,共7页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系专项资金(编号:CARS-27)。

摘　　要：以常规低位嫁接为对照,研究富平楸子高位嫁接对植株抗旱性的影响,为生产中该砧木资源的应用提供参考。以一年生富平楸子组培盆栽苗为砧木,分别在距地面10cm和60cm处嫁接‘秦脆’,采用土壤含水量75%~80%为对照,土壤含水量45%~55%为处理,进行为期60 d的中度干旱胁迫处理,测定相关指标,比较两种嫁接高度下植株的抗旱性强弱。结果表明:长期干旱胁迫后,与对照相比,2种类型苗木的各指标均显著降低,其中高位嫁接植株的生物量、根系指标、叶片相对含水量(RWC)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、瞬时水分利用效率(WUEi)及总叶绿素含量的降幅均小于低位嫁接植株,且差异显著;叶片内游离脯氨酸含量与抗氧化酶(SOD、POD)活性的增幅大于低位嫁接植株,其中游离脯氨酸含量增幅差异显著;叶片相对电导率与MDA含量的增幅小于低位嫁接植株,差异显著。利用以上指标进行隶属函数计算,结果显示高位嫁接植株抗旱性更强,且差异显著。富平楸子采用高位嫁接可显著提高植株抗旱性,因此实际生产中以高位嫁接的利用形式对旱地苹果产区是可行的。Taking low grafting as the control,the effect of high grafting on drought resistance of M.prunifolia was studied,so as to provide a reference for the application of rootstock resources in the production.One year old potted seedlings of M.prunifolia were used as rootstocks to graft‘Qincui'at 10cm and 60cm away from the ground,75%~80%soil water content was used as the control and 45%~55%soil water content was used as the treatment of moderate drought stress for 60 days.The relevant indexes were measured to compare the drought resistance of two grafting heights of apple seedlings.After long-term drought stress,compared with the control,all indexes of the two kinds of seedlings decreased significantly(p<0.05,the same below).The decline of biomass,root index,leaf relative water content(RWC),net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),instantaneous water use efficiency(WUEi)and total chlorophyll content of high grafted plants were less than those of low grafted plants,and the difference was significant;The increase of free proline content and antioxidant enzyme(SOD,POD)activity in leaves was greater than that in low grafted plants,and the difference of free proline content was significant;The increase of leaf relative conductivity and MDA content was less than that of low grafted plants,and the difference was significant.The above indexes were used to calculate the membership function,and the results showed that the drought resistance of high grafted plants was stronger and the difference was significant.The high grafting can significantly improve the drought resistance of M.prunifolia,so it is feasible to use high grafting in dryland apple areas in the production.

关 键 词：苹果 砧木 富平楸子 抗旱性 高位嫁接 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]