泛伊斯兰主义:概念、实践及思想主张  

Paln-Islamism:The Concept,Practices,and Theoretical Narratives

作　　者：钱雪梅[1] Qian Xuemei

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院,100871

出　　处：《国际政治研究》2023年第1期9-34,5,共27页The Journal of International Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助课题的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：泛伊斯兰主义也被称为“原型民族主义”或“大民族主义”,它是行为主体针对穆斯林群体进行宣传动员,试图通过促成“伊斯兰联合”以实现特定政治目标的主张和实践,其标志性特征是:使用伊斯兰符号、谋求政治目标和实施跨国行动。泛伊斯兰主义的行为主体可能是非穆斯林,其实践和理论主张也是多元的,纳米克·凯末尔、哲马鲁丁·阿富汗尼和部分伊斯兰主义者对为什么“联合”的见解各异。纳米克·凯末尔的着眼点是挽救奥斯曼帝国危机。阿富汗尼的核心关切是伊斯兰复兴和反对帝国主义。伊斯兰主义中的泛伊斯兰主义支系可称为“全球伊斯兰主义”,它对“伊斯兰秩序”有特殊解读,主张建立与“乌玛”空间重叠的、覆盖全球的哈里发国家,其中的激进极端主义派别还主张“全球圣战”。泛伊斯兰主义不是伊斯兰主义的标配,而只是部分伊斯兰主义者的偏好和选择。泛伊斯兰主义的力量来自伊斯兰教固有的感召力以及穆斯林的宗教信仰和感情,但它所倡导的“伊斯兰联合”和“穆斯林团结”主要服务于特定政治目标的手段,其“政治性”和“工具性”使它有别于伊斯兰教规定的教胞互助互爱原则。Pan-Islamism is understood as a form of"proto-nationalism"or"macro-nationalism."A concept invented by Europeans in the 1870s,Pan-Islamism now refers to the idea and practices of actors(both Muslims and non-Muslims)promoting"Islamic unity"by mobilizing the Islamic world to achieve political goals.The defining features of Pan-Islamism include using Islamic symbols,seeking political goals,and transnational mobilization.Pan-Islamism has no absolute good or bad in itself and the nature of certain Pan-Islamic actions or policies depends on who used it,for what purpose,and how.So far,there have been at least three theoretical narratives of Pan-Islamism,represented by Namik Kemal,Jamalal-DinAl-Afghani,and some Islamists,respectively.Namik Kemal focused on saving the Ottoman Empire from its severe crisis in the late 19th century.Afghani's core concerns were Islamic revival and anti-imperialism.The Islamists who resort to Pan-Islamism can be called"Global Islamists"and they are different from"National Islamists"due to their particular understanding of the"Islamic order."Pan-Islamism is not the standard feature of Islamism.Instead,it has been a preference and choice of some Islamists.While the strength of Pan-Islamism comes from the religious beliefs and feelings of Muslims,its idea of"Islamic unity"or"Muslim unity"must not be confused with the principle of mutual help and love among Muslims stipulated by the religion of Islam.In short,Pan-Islamism is an instrument of its proponents to serve political goals.

关 键 词：世界政治 泛伊斯兰主义 阿富汗尼 哈里发国家 圣战主义 伊斯兰主义 

分 类 号：D06[政治法律—政治学]