从“水土不服”到“入乡随俗”:农村合作金融发展的中国路径  

From“Non-acclimatization”to“Do as the Romans Do”:China's Pathways of Rural Cooperative Finance

作　　者：朱乾宇[1] 樊文翔 钟真[1] ZHU Qianyu;FAN Wenxiang;ZHONG Zhen

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,北京100872 [2]北京大学马克思主义学院,北京100871

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2023年第3期88-99,共12页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金“移动互联时代农村普惠金融机制创新的案例研究”(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目)(编号:18XN0003)。

摘　　要：中国共产党成立百年以来,农村合作金融在历经坎坷中砥砺前行,实现了从“水土不服”到“入乡随俗”的历史转变。中国农村合作金融的发展路径可以分为四个阶段:一是新民主主义革命时期,农村合作金融在积极探索中从无到有;二是社会主义革命和建设时期,农村合作金融在正式确立中异化初现;三是改革开放和社会主义现代化建设时期,农村合作金融在异化频发中曲折前进;四是进入中国特色社会主义新时代,农村合作金融在“三位一体”中创新发展。回顾历史,农村合作金融具有独特的社会价值和制度优势使其在不同时期对中国农业农村的发展都发挥了积极的作用,但制度变迁和立法缺失是农村合作金融产生异化的主要原因。展望未来,面向2035年远景目标,数字技术的赋能和“三位一体”综合合作的制度创新将成为农村合作金融发展的两大趋势,中国农村合作金融发展的路径选择中需要完善立法,加强“三位一体”综合合作的数字化转型和促进合作金融与商业金融、政策金融共同组成有效的农村金融服务体系,协同推进农业农村现代化进程。Over the past hundred years since the founding of the Communist Party of China,rural cooperative finance has forged ahead through ups and downs,and realized the historical transformation from“non-acclimatization”to“do as the Romans do”.The development of China's rural cooperative finance can be divided into four stages.Firstly,in the period of the new democratic revolution,rural co-operative financial is creating something from nothing in active exploration.Secondly,in the period of socialist revolution and construction,rural cooperative finance is officially established with the initializa-tion of the alienation.Thirdly,in the period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization,rural cooperative finance is zigzagging forward in the frequent alienation.Fourthly,entering the new era of so-cialism with Chinese characteristics,rural cooperation finance is achieving innovation in the development of“Trinity”.Looking back on the history,rural cooperative finance plays a necessary posi-tive role in agricultural and rural development in different periods because of its unique social value and institutional advantages.Main reasons for the alienation of rural cooperative finance are institutional change and lack of legislation.Looking forward to the future and facing the vision goal of 2035,the em-powerment of digital technology and the institutional innovation of“trinity”comprehensive cooperation will become two major trends in the development of rural cooperative finance.It is necessary to improve legislation,strengthen the digital transformation of“Trinity”comprehensive cooperation,and accelerate cooperative finance,policy finance and commercial finance jointly form an effective rural financial serv-ice system to promote the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.

关 键 词：农村合作金融 三位一体 乡村振兴 路径 

分 类 号：F832.35[经济管理—金融学]