莫迪执政后印度央地关系发展趋势探析——基于制度空间的分析视角  

Evolving Center-State Relations under the Modi-Administration:A Perspective Based on Institutional Space

作　　者：雷定坤 Lei Dingkun

机构地区：[1]清华大学国际与地区研究院

出　　处：《南亚研究》2023年第1期97-126,158,159,共32页South Asian Studies

摘　　要：莫迪率领的印度人民党以压倒性优势赢得2014年和2019年大选,一举改变了印度自20世纪80年代末以来联邦中央由多政党联合执政的局面。莫迪政府正式开启联邦集权进程,扭转了近20年来印度央地分权的趋势。当前印度国内呈现出快速的集权态势,深刻影响并持续改变着印度政治发展形态。系统认识并解释印度人民党执政以来的集权实践以及当前的集权态势对印度联邦制的影响是本文关注的核心内容。本文尝试建立制度空间的解释框架,聚焦印度央地的行政、立法、财税三个维度,提出印度人民党政府积极运用包括扩充现有制度解释、创立新制度、改变制度环境等强硬手段,实现其自身操作空间的不断扩大,进而压缩联邦单元自主权限,使得央地互动下省邦自治属性减弱,促使权力进一步向中央靠拢。莫迪政府以快速集权为目的的制度改革将进一步助推国内民粹情绪,裹挟少数群体的利益与诉求,持续冲击其国内秩序的同时对外政策也将变得更具冒险性。Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)won the 2014 and 2019 elections by an overwhelming majority of the vote,bringing an end to an era in Indian politics dating back to the late 1980s of multi-party coalition governments.After taking office,the Modi government officially launched a process of federal centralization,reversing a 20-year old trend towards decentralization of power between the central and state level governments in India.Currently,India is moving rapidly towards further centralization,profoundly impacting its political atmosphere.This paper focuses on the centralizing tendencies of the BJP since it came to power and the impact of these trends towards centralization on India's federal system.It attempts to establish an explanatory framework of institutional space,focusing on the administrative,legislative,and financial dimensions ofcentral-state relations in India.It argues that the BJP government has been actively using hard-handed measures such as expanding existing institutional interpretations,creating new institutions,and altering the institutionaclontext to continuously expand its operational space,thereby compressingthe autonomy of federal units and weakening the autonomy of local governments in the interaction between the center and states.The Modi government's institutional reforms,which aim to achieve rapid centralization may further fuel domestic populist sentiment,creating tensions with the interests and demands of minority groups,and continue to challenge its domestic order while moving it in the direction of a more adventurous foreign policy.

关 键 词：印度人民党 莫迪政府 联邦集权 央地关系 制度空间 

分 类 号：D735.1[政治法律—政治学]