长期照护制度的三个世界——兼论中国特色基本养老服务制度创新发展  

The Three Worlds of Long-term Care System:Also on Innovation and Development of the Basic Service System for the Elderly with Chinese Characteristics

作　　者：张静 ZHANG Jing(School of Public Administration,Jilin Universiy,Changchun 130012,China;Policy Research Center of the Ministry of Civil Affairs,Beijing 100721,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学行政学院,吉林长春130012 [2]民政部政策研究中心,北京100721

出　　处：《人口与发展》2023年第2期122-131,共10页Population and Development

基　　金：世界银行贷款项目“中国经济改革促进与能力加强(TCC6)”子项目“中国贫困老年人养老服务政策优化研究”(TCC6-A27)成果。

摘　　要：建立以满足失能照护需求为核心的基本养老服务制度是我国当前应对人口老龄化快速发展的重要举措。在发达国家养老服务发展历程中,针对长期照护服务建立有关制度是其重要组成部分。不同福利体制下的国家在服务对象、服务内容、服务标准、服务方式、责任主体等方面各有异同,总体上形成了长期照护制度的三个世界,即社会民主主义、保守主义和自由主义三种模式。基于其经验和教训,我国有必要在高龄社会进程提速到来之际,从制度理念、基本框架、运行机制和实施保障几个方面着手,建立具有中国特色的基本养老服务制度。To set up the basic service system for the elderly,focusing on meeting care demand of the disabled elderly,is an important measure to cope with rapid population aging in China.In the development history of the care services for the elderly in developed countries,it is an important part to establish relevant systems for long-term care service.There are characteristic differences as well as similarities between different countries with different welfare regimes on service object,service content,service standard,service mode and responsibility subject,which formed the three worlds of long-term care system as the followings,the social democracy,the conservatism and liberalism.Based on their experience and lessons,the paper proposes our country should establish the basic service system for the elderly with Chinese characteristics from the aspects of institutional concept,basic framework,operation mechanism and implementation guarantee.

关 键 词：长期照护 基本养老服务 福利体制 制度建设 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]