你是姐姐:父母男孩偏好与长女家庭收入  

You are the Sister:Unexpected Effect of Parental Son Preference on the Oldest Daughter's Family Income

作　　者：李强 叶昱利 LI Qiang;YE Yu-li(Public Administration School,Guangzhou University,Guangdong 510006,China;College of Economics and Management,South China Agriculture University,Guangdong 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学公共管理学院,广东广州510006 [2]华南农业大学经济管理学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《人口与发展》2023年第2期138-150,共13页Population and Development

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“防止规模性返贫的监测机制与帮扶路径研究”(22&ZD192)。

摘　　要：不同于既有文献将家庭之间长子与长女的差别归因于男孩偏好的逻辑,本文基于家庭内部同胞性别结构,通过探索有弟弟相对于有妹妹对长姐家庭收入的影响来识别男孩偏好对女性的收入效应。利用头胎性别的外生性构建工具变量,综合使用中国营养与健康调查(CHNS)及中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,发现父母男孩偏好意外使得长女家庭收入显著增加了约10%。机制分析表明,长女配偶的教育水平更低,个子更矮,体重超标的概率更高,因此可排除配偶更加优秀从而长女家庭收入更高的假说。反而是,父母的男孩偏好改变了长女的大五人格,显著提高了其宜人性、尽责性和情绪稳定性,长女因之有更高的家庭收入。该意外发现显然并不能阐释为性别歧视有益于女性,反之,国家应该在宏观公共政策上、父母应该在微观家庭内部促进性别平等。Existing literature attributes the differences between first-born boys and girls between families to boy preference.This paper proposes a new identification method based on siblings’gender structure to identify the boy preference effect by comparing the difference between the eldest sister with a younger brother and the eldest sister with a younger sister.We employ the first-born boy ratio within a community as an instrumental variable to address the endogeneity issue.Using data from the China Nutrition and Health Survey(CHNS)and the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper finds that the oldest sisters with younger brothers,compared with the eldest sister who has a younger sister,their family income has increased significantly by about 10%.Mechanism analysis reveals that parental boy preference unexpectedly enhances the eldest sister’s Big Five personality.This unexpected effect of son preference should not be interpreted as gender discrimination benefit women.On the contrary,the state should promote gender equality in macro public policies and parents in micro families.

关 键 词：男孩偏好 性别差异 家庭收入 长女 非认知能力 

分 类 号：C912[经济管理]