综放工作面顶板灾害类型和发生机制及防治技术  

Types,occurrence mechanisms and prevention techniques of roof disasters in fully-mechanized top coal caving face

作　　者：徐刚[1,2,3] 张春会 张震[1,2,3] 刘晓刚[1,2,3] 冯彦军 蔺星宇 马镕山[1,2,3] 刘前进[1,2,3] 李正杰 XU Gang;ZHANG Chunhui;ZHANG Zhen;LIU Xiaogang;FENG Yanjun;LIN Xingyu;MA Rongshan;LIU Qianjin;LI Zhengjie(Coal Mining and Designing Department,Tiandi Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China;CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;Coal Mining and Designing Branch,China Coal Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;Hebei Technological Innovation Center of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering of Geotechnical and Structural System,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang 050018,China)

机构地区：[1]天地科技股份有限公司开采设计事业部,北京100013 [2]中煤科工开采研究院有限公司,北京100013 [3]煤炭科学研究总院开采研究分院,北京100013 [4]河北科技大学河北省岩土与结构体系防灾减灾技术创新中心,河北石家庄050018

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2023年第2期44-57,共14页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51574139);河北省教育厅重点资助项目(ZD2020338)。

摘　　要：综放工作面采出煤层厚度大,上覆岩层活动空间大,易发生顶板事故。为理解综放工作面顶板灾害发生机制,统计分析了部分煤矿综放工作面顶板灾害案例,按顶板条件及灾害特征将综放工作面顶板灾害分为松软顶板大面积切顶压架和坚硬顶板大面积垮落及压架2类。分别以崔木煤矿和曹家滩煤矿综放工作面为例,分析了2类顶板灾害发生特点,提出了相应顶板灾害发生机制:松软顶板工作面顶板胶结性弱,支架实际刚度不足致使顶板在煤壁处断裂,破断后易失稳,同时支架支护强度不足,最终导致切顶压架灾害;坚硬顶板工作面顶板整体性好,不易破断,悬顶到一定极限突然破断,对支架造成冲击,若断裂线在煤壁处则极易导致工作面切顶压架。结合工程实践,提出了2类顶板灾害防治技术措施:对于松软顶板综放工作面采取合理提高支架刚度、支护效率以及工作面推进速度,加强预警等手段预防大面积切顶压架灾害;对于坚硬顶板工作面除加强支架管理、合理开采设计等,还需从顶板改性入手,如采用井下区域水力压裂技术弱化顶板,防治顶板大面积垮落和压架灾害。The excavation thickness of the coal seam and the corresponding motion space of the overlying strata are so large in the fully-mechanized top coal caving face,that roof accidents are occur easily.In order to understand the mechanism of roof disasters in fully-mech-anized caving working face,some cases of roof disasters in fully-mechanized caving working face are statistically analyzed.According to the roof conditions and disaster characteristics,the roof disasters in fully-mechanized caving working face are divided into two types:large-area roof cutting and support crushing for soft roof,large-area roof collapse with roof cutting and support crushing for hard roof.Taking Cuimu Mine and Caojiatan Mine as examples,the characteristics of two types of roof disasters are analyzed,and the corresponding roof disaster mechanism is presented:The roof in soft roof working face is of weak cementation.If the actual support stiffness is insufficient,the roof will break at the coal wall,and is easy to be unstable after breaking.As the same time,the insufficient support strength eventually leads to the leads to cutting and support crushing disaster of roof.The roof in hard roof working face is of good integrity and is not easy to break.When the suspended roof area is enough,the sudden breaking of roof will cause an impact on the support.If the breaking line is at the coal wall,it will easily leads to cutting and support crushing disaster of roof.Combined with engineering practice,prevention and con-trol measures for two types of roof disaster are presented.For the soft roof working face,the measures such as reasonably improving the support stiffness,the supporting efficiency and the advancing speed of the working face,and the early warning and so on are used to pre-vent the occurrence of large-scale roof cutting and support crushing.For the hard roof working face,in addition to support management and rational mining design,it is necessary to improving roof conditions.For examples,the regional hydraulic fracturing technology is

关 键 词：综放开采 顶板灾害 切顶压架 松软顶板 坚硬顶板 采场支护 

分 类 号：TD327[矿业工程—矿井建设]