陆相湖盆细粒沉积岩特征及形成机理研究进展  

Research Progress into Fine-grained Sedimentary Rock Characteristics and Formation in a Continental Lake Basin

作　　者：王鑫锐 孙雨[1] 刘如昊 李钊 WANG XinRui;SUN Yu;LIU RuHao;LI Zhao(School of Earth Science,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163318,China)

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学地球科学学院,黑龙江大庆163318

出　　处：《沉积学报》2023年第2期349-377,共29页Acta Sedimentologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41872158);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(YQ2019D002)。

摘　　要：细粒沉积岩是最为常见的岩石类型之一,蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,伴随着非常规油气的发展,有关细粒沉积的研究逐渐成为了热点,但由于陆相细粒沉积岩岩石类型丰富,形成机制复杂,缺乏统一科学的分类方案。对目前常见的陆相细粒沉积岩分类方法进行总结,并依据岩石组分将其分为混合型和碎屑型细粒沉积岩两种,并指明其常见的岩石类型特征;梳理与其相关的成因动力学物理模拟实验成果,其中有关泥级颗粒的搬运—沉积机理已经取得了重大突破。而细粒沉积模式方面,可以分为有机质富集模式,岩相模式以及成因模式,三个模式的内涵和所要解决的地质问题各不相同。在此基础上,提出加强细粒沉积岩不同矿物成分微观结构特征、沉积—成岩机理认识,将岩石微观成因分类方案与宏观成因模式有效融合是未来细粒沉积研究的关键。Fine-grained sediments are among the most common types of rock rich in oil and gas resources.Along with the onset of the non-conventional oil and gas revolution,research into fine-grained sediments has gradually received more attention.However,due to the fine particle size,the large number of components and the as yet to be clarified formation process and genetic mechanism of fine-grained sediments,the terminology used to describe their classifica⁃tion and model becomes quite confusing,and appears to lack a uniform standard.To solve these problems,a common classification criterion for fine-grained sediments and for common rock types in different modes of deposition and their characteristics,as well as the relevant genetic dynamics,are summarized here.Moreover,the“one basin,one scheme”sediment refinement mode is further classified into an organic-matter enrichment model,a facies model and a genetic model,and their connotations and applications are summarized.On this basis,it is proposed that the under⁃standing of microstructure and the sedimentary diagenetic mechanisms of the different mineral components in finegrained sedimentary rocks be strengthened.Effectively integrating genetic rock-classification schemes with a macrogenetic model will be key to future studies of fine-grained sedimentary rocks.

关 键 词：细粒沉积 岩石特征 分类方案 成因机理 沉积模式 

分 类 号：P581[天文地球—岩石学]