基于船舶防疫规范通风空调设计综述  

Review of HVAC Design Based on Regulations for Epidemic Prevention and Control of Ship

作　　者：王树信 代黎博 马双 汪海燕[1] 周鹏 WANG Shuxin;DAI Libo;MA Shuang;WANG Haiyan;ZHOU Peng(Marine Design&Research Institute of China,Shanghai 200011,China)

机构地区：[1]中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院,上海200011

出　　处：《船舶》2023年第2期78-87,共10页Ship & Boat

摘　　要：为减缓传染病在船上的传播,通过总结其在船上的传播特点,对比各船级社船舶防疫安全隔离布置和通风空调技术要求,提供了船舶防疫安全通风空调设计思路。研究结果表明:船舶设置独立的隔离区域,配置防疫安全通风空调系统,能够有效抑制病菌的接触传播和空气传播;RINA防疫船级符号为BIOSAFE SHIP,依据通风空调等系统的防范生物安全风险要素进行累计打分评价;ABS防疫船级符号为IDM-A,提供3种“平疫转换”负压隔离房布置,对负压隔离房空调配置、压力梯度、换气次数、管路布置和运行操作等提出具体要求;CCS防疫船级符号为EPC N,对负压隔离房空调配置、气流组织、压差梯度、空气过滤、管路布置、运行操作和风口布置等提出具体要求。各船级社防疫船级符号对通风空调设计要求不尽相同,该文的研究结果可为船舶及海洋工程疫情防控提供参考。The design ideas of ship epidemic prevention and safety heating ventilation and air conditioning(HVAC)systems are provided by summarizing the characteristics of the onboard infection outbreak and comparing the requirements of classification societies on the arrangement of isolation cabins and the HVAC technology,in order to mitigate the onboard infectious disease transmission.The results show that the isolation cabins equipped with epidemic prevention and safety HVAC system can effectively mitigate the transmission of virus through contact and air.The epidemic prevention notation of each classification society has different requirements for the design of HVAC system.The BIOSAFE SHIP is a notation developed for onboard epidemic prevention by RINA,which is accumulatively evaluated and scored according to the biosafety risk factors of the HAVC system and other systems.The notation Infectious Disease Mitigation-Arrangements(IDM-A)of ABS provides three kinds of negative pressure isolation cabins capable of being switched from its normal operation mode to an outbreak operation mode,with specific requirements of the ventilation system layout,pressure differential,air changes per hour,pipe fitting and operational measures for negative pressure cabins.The notation Epidemic Prevention and Control(EPCN)of CCS presents requirements of the ventilation system layout,airflow organization,pressure differential,air filtration,pipe fitting,operational measures and exhaust outlet for negative pressure rooms.It can provide references for the epidemic prevention and control on board marine and offshore assets.

关 键 词：船舶防疫规范 通风空调 设计 船级符号 

分 类 号：U664.86[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]