磷、铁处理对冬小麦种子萌发和幼苗活力的影响  

Effects of P and Fe treatments on seed germination and seedling vigor of winter wheat

作　　者：张婉晴 代梦雅 胡乃月 张英华[1] ZHANG Wanqing;DAI Mengya;HU Naiyue;ZHANG Yinghua(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2023年第4期1-12,共12页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31871563);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-03)。

摘　　要：为明确磷、铁处理对冬小麦种子萌发和幼苗活力的影响,以冬小麦品种‘济麦22’为材料,采用NaH_(2)PO_(4)和Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)作为处理溶液,选择不降低种子发芽率的最大摩尔浓度处理种子;测定苗期正常水分(T1)和干旱处理(T2)下冬小麦幼苗干重、株高、叶面积、SPAD和抗氧化酶活性等指标的变化。结果表明:0.05~0.30 mol/L NaH_(2)PO_(4)处理的冬小麦种子发芽率比对照提高2.00%~14.00%,0.01~0.04 mol/L Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)处理的冬小麦种子发芽率比对照提高4.01%,而0.50~0.90 mol/L NaH_(2)PO_(4)处理的冬小麦种子发芽率与对照相比降低16.00%~24.00%,0.05~0.07 mol/L Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)处理的冬小麦种子发芽率与对照相比降低10.00%~24.00%,在本试验条件下,NaH_(2)PO_(4)、Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)处理对种子萌发生长不产生抑制作用的最大浓度分别为0.30和0.04 mol/L;2种水分条件下,NaH_(2)PO_(4)处理能显著提高冬小麦幼苗干重和株高,Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)处理只在正常水分下显著提高幼苗的株高;NaH_(2)PO_(4)和Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)处理均能显著提高冬小麦幼苗新生叶片的叶面积、叶片的SPAD以及叶片SOD和CAT活性,但对POD活性无显著提高。总之,适宜浓度的NaH_(2)PO_(4)、Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)处理能促进冬小麦种子的萌发,同时可以提高冬小麦幼苗的有效光合面积和叶绿素含量,改善了幼苗的光合作用,提高了叶片抗氧化酶活性,进而增强了幼苗活力和抗旱性。In order to clarify the effects of P and Fe treatments on the seed germination and seedling vigor of winter wheat, winter wheat cultivar ‘Jimai 22’ was taken as study material. NaH_(2)PO_(4)and Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)were used as the treatment solutions, and the maximum molar concentration which did not reduce seed germination rate was selected as the treatment concentration. The changes of dry weight, plant height, leaf area, SPAD and antioxidant enzyme activity of winter wheat seedlings under normal water(T1) and drought treatment(T2) at seedling stage were measured. The results showed that: Compared with the control, the germination rate of winter wheat seeds treated with 0.05-0.30 mol/L NaH_(2)PO_(4)increased by 2.00%-14.00%, and the germination rate of winter wheat seeds treated with 0.01-0.40 mol/L Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)increased by 4.01%. Compared with the control, the germination rate of winter wheat seeds treated with 0.50-0.90 mol/L NaH_(2)PO_(4)decreased by 16.00%-24.00%, and the germination rate of winter wheat seeds treated with 0.05-0.07 mol/L Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)decreased by 10.00%-24.00%. Under the experimental conditions, the maximum concentrations of NaH_(2)PO_(4)and Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)that would not inhibit seed germination and growth were 0.30 and 0.04 mol/L, respectively. Under the two water conditions, NaH_(2)PO_(4)treatment significantly increased the dry weight and seedling height of winter wheat seedlings, while Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)treatment significantly increased seedling height only under normal water condition. Both NaH_(2)PO_(4)and Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)treatments significantly increased the leaf area, SPAD, SOD and CAT activities of newborn leaves of winter wheat seedlings, but not POD activity. In conclusion, the appropriate concentration of NaH_(2)PO_(4)and Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)treatments can promote the germination of winter wheat seeds, and NaH_(2)PO_(4)and Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)treatments can improve the photosynthesis of winter wheat seedlings by increasing the effective photosynthetic area and ch

关 键 词：磷酸二氢钠 硫酸铁 冬小麦 种子萌发 幼苗活力 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]